Does America Want an Unmotivated Society Essay

I. Presentation Maryjane is the name given in the United States to the medication delivered from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. The utilization of cannabis subsidiaries under such names as hashish, charas, bhang, and ganja is far reaching all through the world. The most dynamic element of the plant subsidiary is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The power of this compound is shown by the way that the normal road test of maryjane contains under .5% THC. A few examples are significantly higher in THC content; along these lines, impacts from the medication change as indicated by its quality, which means its THC content. The blossoming portions of the plant contain the best measures of THC (Goode 567). These are normally dried and smoked, however they might be made into a beverage fairly like tea or mixed into different cooking plans. Some way or another, maryjane has been utilized for certain prescriptions however it's anything but a legitimate ground to legitimize it since it has negative impacts to human bodies. Additionally, weed is as yet unlawful in many spots. Under government law an individual can be condemned to as long as one year in prison or a $5000 fine, or both, for straightforward ownership of maryjane. Consistently around 400,000 individuals are captured for ownership; around 80 percent are under age 26. Weed is being utilized as legitimate clinical treatment for a few conditions. Cautious examinations have indicated that it is viable in rewarding extreme sickness in malignant growth quiet experiencing chemotherapy. More established patients appear to react not exactly more youthful patients do and grumble progressively about symptoms, including feeling â€Å"stoned.† The reason for this current investigation is to examine whether weed ought to be sanctioned or not. It will likewise handle how cannabis will significantly influence the people that our nation needs most, similar to the workforce or the labor. II. Foundation Maryjane has been utilized for a large number of years, both as a medication and for its inebriating impacts. As tablets, weed is every now and again recommended to assuage the queasiness and retching that frequently go with chemotherapy. Its non-clinical use, in any case, is unlawful in the United States and most different nations. The punishments for having or utilizing maryjane are, in numerous states, as extreme as those forced for the ownership or utilization of substantially more powerful medications. Many contend that maryjane is not any more destructive than cigarettes and alcohol and ought to be legitimized. Most weed utilized in United States is smokedâ€either as cigarettes or in pipes. Its belongings fluctuate with its quality, and by and large with the perspective of the client (Earleywine 149). Commonly, a feeling of prosperity is experienced. In enormous nations, weed is considered as hallucinogenâ€a sedate that produces fantasies. Despite the fact that cannabis doesn't create a physical reliance in the client, there is proof that it can deliver mental reliance. Examination shows that pot effectsly affects the body. It can weaken memory, discourse, and learning. It opens the lungs to elevated levels of tar and to more than 150 different synthetic concoctions. A considerable lot of these can aggravate the covering of the lungs, causing irritation and bronchitis at times. Weed diminishes the creation of male and female sex hormones and may cause fruitlessness n a few people. Pregnant ladies should abstain from smoking maryjane since it can cross the placenta and influence the hatchling (Earleywine 150). A few specialists accept that the overwhelming utilization of pot may hurt the body’s safe framework by debilitating the improvement of monocytes, cells that animate counter acting agent creation and slaughter outside cells. Albeit no immediate circumstances and logical results connect between found, an individual who reliably utilizes maryjane might probably manhandle other, more grounded drugs. The utilization of weed can be risky to an individual participating in any movement in which fast reflexes and unwavering discernment are vital (Goode 575). III. Conversation A. Impacts of Marijuana Numerous perceptual and enthusiastic impacts follow maryjane smoking. Tactile experience may turn out to be progressively exceptional; smells are more extravagant, surfaces feel increasingly exotic, objects are viewed as increasingly delightful, sounds are progressively splendid, and thoughts stream all the more unreservedly, despite the fact that they might be incoherent. The individual may encounter an enthusiastic high where the person in question feels upbeat, serene, and glad. The impacts of cannabis, in any case, resemble those of different medications; they particularly rely upon the individual and the setting. Taken in a charming, loosened up social circumstance, cannabis can be very disagreeable (Earleywine 123). Likewise, individuals who are normally neurotic, dubious, or forceful may turn out to be all the more so affected by cannabis; the quiet, better-balanced clients are progressively able to encounter an euphoric high. Besides, the vast majority use weed for the changed states it produces. These states are somewhat simpler to control than those delivered by other psychedelic medications, except if the dose is extremely high. At low to direct measurements, mental trips are absent. Rather, the individual ordinarily reports of serenity, expanded tangible mindfulness, changes in reality, and expanded hunger, regularly with a hankering for desserts. At higher doses, the individual may encounter thought aggravations, quick enthusiastic changes, lost consideration, and a feeling of frenzy. Weed has been one of the most explored tranquilizes throughout the entire existence of pharmacology, and there is as yet significant difference about its present moment and long haul impacts (Belenko 34). It was made an unlawful medication in the United States, and numerous states have built up cruel punishments for those indicted for ownership of even modest quantities. In the ongoing years, there has been an advance toward decriminalization of weed. Despite the fact that this approach would not legitimize the medication, it would build up progressively proper disciplines, for instance, fines rather than detainment for ownership of limited quantities for individual use (Belenko 66). The developing accord of exploration on weed would recommend that it's anything but a sheltered medication. Without a doubt, it is suspicious whether any medication taken every now and again by decision is fitting. Numerous scientists have presumed that smoking weed is not any more hazardous, and maybe even less in this way, than smoking cigarettes or utilizing liquor. The issue, however, is recurrence of utilization. The writing on constant clients of marijuanaâ€that is, individuals who use it a great deal and over an extensive stretch of timeâ€suggests rather emphatically that there are not kidding shortages in some subjective capacities, for example, memory. What's more, heavier clients experience some bothersome character changes, issues with rest, shortfalls in psychomotor capacities, for example, driving, and changes in inspirational levels that produce aloofness and an absence of taking a stab at accomplishment. At long last, there are various components that impact the impact of a specific medication (Earleywine 145). There are factors related with the medication, including its virtue and the strategy for its immaculateness and the technique for its organization. Subject factors that are significant incorporate body weight, metabolic rate, regardless of whether the individual has eaten, general condition of wellbeing, and past involvement in the medication. In attempting to anticipate how any one individual will respond to a medication, these elements, and numerous others, must be considered. However, there is another significant variable that assumes a significant job in medicate responses, and time after time its belongings are neglected ( Baron 119).  That variable is the user’s desire for the drug’s impact. Examination has demonstrated that the experience many medication clients will have isn't only an aftereffect of the physiological and biochemical changes delivered by the medication, yet additionally relies upon how they think they should react, or how they see others around them reacting. These elements should likewise be viewed as while assessing the explanations behind changed conditions of cognizance through medication use. a.)â â â Respiratory impacts: Since cannabis smoke is profoundly breathed in, held in the lungs, and contains a considerable lot of indistinguishable destructive fixings from tobacco smoke, clients give indications of weakened lung working when contrasted with nonusers. Like tobacco smoke, cannabis smoke contains cancer-causing operators, however since many pot smokers likewise tobacco, it has been difficult to confine marijuana’s sway on lung malignancy. Now, the proof is only interesting (Earleywine 156). b.)â â  Immune framework: Creature examines have recommended that pot can hose the body’s protection from malady, yet no investigations have been done to affirm or disprove this peril in individuals (Earleywine 156). c.)â â â Mental impacts: While there is no proof that cannabis makes the cerebrum contract, it can prompt an inspirational condition, which specialists characterize as a psychological dulling, passionate blunting, and loss of drive and objective directedness (Earleywine 156). IV. For what reason would it be a good idea for it to be authorized? Maryjane is being utilized as lawful clinical treatment for a few conditions. Cautious investigations have indicated that it is powerful in rewarding serious sickness in malignancy understanding experiencing chemotherapy. More seasoned patients appear to react less well than more youthful patients and whine increasingly about symptoms, including feeling â€Å"stoned.† Researchers are proceeding with investigations of marijuana’s conceivable convenience in lessening pressure inside the eye in glaucoma and in rewarding muscle spasticity (Goode 575). Weed has been utilized for a large number of years, both as a medication and for its inebriating impacts. As tablets, pot is much of the time endorsed to diminish the sickness and heaving that regularly go with chemotherapy. Its non-clinical use, in any case, is unlawful in the United States and most different nations. The punishments for having or utilizing pot are, in numerous states, as extreme as those forced for the ownership or utilization of significantly more strong medications. Many contend that pot is not any more hurtful than cigarettes and alcohol and ought to be authorized ( Julien 489) V. End Pot

Employee Motivation Essay

Theoretical. Worker inspiration is the mental component that excites a representative to carry on in a specific way for achieving certain authoritative objectives. People contrast in inspiration along three parameters viz. confidence, requirement for accomplishment, and characteristic inspiration. There has been a developing accentuation on employee’s needs as opposed to simply authoritative necessities, and acknowledgment of the key estimation of representatives being created to their best potential. Associations have become progressively mindful that the powerful improvement of their employees’ aptitudes and information has benefits for the entire association. Execution examination can be a vital factor in the defining of vocation objectives and the view of occupation fulfillment prompting expanded inspiration and efficiency. The paper looks at representative inspiration at the work environment. What is Motivation? Inspiration depends on feelings. It is the quest for positive enthusiastic encounters and the evasion of negative passionate encounters. Inspiration is associated with the exhibition of every single educated reaction. It is a conduct that won't happen except if it is activated. As a rule, clinicians question whether inspiration is an essential or auxiliary impact on conduct. For instance, is the conduct originated from character, feeling observation, and memory or if inspiration comes from ideas that are one of a kind. Every year, billions of dollars are spent on inspiration courses by enormous organizations. The course includes preparing in inspiration, gatherings to help inspiration, motivators to reinforce inspiration, gatherings to examine issues in the working environment inspiration, devices to quantify inspiration statements of purpose, and so forth. These instructional courses additionally remember how to adapt to issues for enlistment, efficiency and maintenance, issues of duty to groups and corporate plans. Inspiration is critical to progress and to contact individual and business objectives that one has set. Morals Representatives must figure out how to cooperate towards shared objectives. Workers must have a comprehension of the association in general and how they fit into the association. They will in all likelihood need preparing to gain the information required for hierarchical comprehension. When a comprehension of the association and their job in it has been built up, the worker with follow up on the objectives put forward. The executives must show the representative the requirement for their being there and for their yield and info. The start to finish job ought to be reasonable and there must be an away from of corporate morals. There must be correspondence between all levels, start to finish, base to top. No worker ought to be forgotten about. The board ought to guarantee that their representatives have a sense of safety and they can be trusted and are rises to among their friends. Execution ought to be seen as a learning experience, not a terrible encounter. Evaluations The yearly execution survey is one of the most dreaded and frightful procedures that leaves workers irate and discouraged instead of inspired to perform better. Organizations have begun to take a gander at the examination as an increasingly formative way to deal with execution assessment, rather than causing the worker to feel progressively shaky about their activity execution. By utilizing this strategy, it would accentuate on giving workers the aptitudes they have to perform adequately. The objective of an arrangement, for example, this is accomplish objectives that have been set by the organization and be assessed on what number of those objectives they have reached. Objectives ought to be clear and adequate to spur workers vigorously. Business execution will improve by utilizing a compelling evaluation framework. By characterizing clear targets, the workers will have the option to concentrate on the predefined assignment and friends objectives. Evaluations help the representatives feel that their great work is perceived and that they are esteemed. It likewise gives a chance to talk about concerns and shortcomings that the representative may have and recommendations might be made to discover an answer for the issue. Inspiration Techniques So as to inspire workers, they should realize what is anticipated from them. Workers must have an away from of difficulties and reasonable objectives that they should meet. Workers that are urged to solid rivalry guarantee that the measures for victories are clear and don't empower disdain or low spirit. Extreme methodologies, such as terminating staff that are not attempting to their maximum capacity, can inspire different representatives to accomplish work better and make progress toward those objectives that have been set. There is no ideal method to inspire staff. A few analysts hold that budgetary rewards or advantages will be sufficient to spur representatives to give their best exertion. Rivalry between workers is likewise normally utilized as an inspiration system now and again. Notwithstanding, the keys to compelling representatives are inspiration systems that give a scope of motivations that intrigue to the various characters of the workers. While one individual might be driven by cash, another may secure position fulfillment or inventive open doors all the more remarkable elements. Some organization representative inspiration procedures recommend that most workers react to similar impetuses. Cash is most normally used to improve inspiration, staff maintenance and aspiration. Everybody is extraordinary and has their own view about what is critical to their life. Therefore, there are steps that can be utilized to spur workers by doing things that they worth and mean making the best decision. They are as per the following: Secure the correct position for the perfect individual Engage Employees Co-activity versus Rivalry Include workers in organization advancement At the point when staff have a sense of safety and supported in their workplace they performâ better. These means assist workers with having a sense of safety in their condition: Acclaim and acknowledgment of the employee’s triumphs as much as you productively scrutinize them. Leave workers alone mindful of their employer stability. Be a Leader to staff. Make a happy with workplace. Treat representatives reasonably. Troughs are liable for managing representatives who are occupied with work or learning assignments. Directors must know that a few workers take an interest more out of enthusiasm for the errand than others are. Others gain their fulfillment primarily out the manner by which their exhibition on the errand prompts rewards like compensation or status. Yet, commonly there is a blend of thought processes where a scope of various motivators is applicable. Most representatives will discover probably some fulfillment in just accomplishing the work. The equalization of these inborn and extraneous wellsprings of fulfillment changes starting with one individual then onto the next and between various circumstances. A few people in fact are exceptionally energetic by both inborn intrigue and extraneous prizes. Outward and natural inspiration Most workers comprehend natural fulfillment or inherent inspiration, when an action is fulfilling or pleasurable all by itself. These exercises are things workers like and need to do. For the vast majority, naturally charming exercises are things like eating, resting, snickering, messing around, winning, making, seeing and hearing delightful things and individuals, etc. To do these things individuals don't should be paid, hailed, cheered, expressed gratitude toward, regarded, or anything. They do them for the positive sentiments that are consequently and normally got from the action. Inherent rewards likewise include pleasurable inward sentiments orâ thoughts, such as feeling glad or having a feeling of authority following concentrating hard and prevailing in a class. Many, possibly most, exercises are not characteristically fulfilling enough to get a large portion of individuals to do them reliably, so outward inspiration should be applied as remunerations, motivating forces, or as an approach to stay away from some horrendous condition. There are numerous exercises that are inherently fulfilling to certain individuals however not to others. This decent variety proposes that past encounters can impact figuring out what is characteristically fulfilling to a person. In numerous exercises, characteristically fulfilling angles consolidate with outward settlements. For instance, workers and individuals when all is said in done, inherently appreciate talking and, simultaneously, they get consideration, commendation, support and helpful data. For this situation where inborn and outward inspirations are blended, one may assume that over some stretch of time the going with extraneous fortifications steadily increment our natural pleasure in the movement and maybe the other way around. Outward Motivation Outward Motivation originates from without, for example, cash, titles, praises, trophies or a date. Extraneous inspiration has been found to obliterate characteristic inspiration. By and by there is a development to wipe out extraneous inspiration from schools, medical clinics, and government. Outward Motivation can be founded on the expression, â€Å"Do this, and get this.† Methods of Extrinsic Motivation are in some cases disputable. Some contend that representatives see their work as a type of discipline and the check is their prize. Extraneous prizes will in general center consideration all the more barely and to abbreviate time points of view, which may bring about progressively effective creation of predefined or normalized items. Occupation fulfillment and long haul duty to an assignment may likewise be influenced. The executives first ponders compensating workers with cash as a successful prize. Lamentably, cash won't generally propel representatives to perform better or remain with the organization longer. Not every person thinks cash makes theâ world go round. Inherent Motivation Inherent inspiration is the fulfillment where the prizes originate from completing a movement rather from a consequence of the action. Workers that are inherently spurred will in general be progressively mindful of a wide scope of wonders, while concentrating on complexities, irregularities, novel occasions and startling prospects. They need time and opportunity to settle on decisions, to accumulate and process data, an

Back and ready for action!

Back and ready for action! It feels good to be back at the Tute!!! My family drove me up to Boston on Friday night. We expected to hit a lot of traffic, considering the fact that it was the Friday before Labor Day weekend, but we were pleasantly surprised to find NO traffic at all (not even near Manhattan *gasp*.) Perhaps the ungodly gas prices kept people at home. The only line that we did face was while waiting to fill up our tank at a NY rest stop for a whopping $3.19 per gallon, which was a good deal at the time. It seemed that the lanes with the gas pumps on the right had much shorter lines than those on the left, so a clever minivan driver decided to turn around and back-up into the pump to save some time. Since I thought the driver was potentially a fellow Engineer, I took a snapshot. Though I love driving, I am definitely happy that I will not have to surrender my wallet at any gas stations for the next few months. Unfortunately, my modes are transportation are even more limited now that my bike is locked up in the bike room that nobody can seem to find the key to! Anyway, we made it to Boston and were greeted by glorious weather and a rockin campus. My parents are both architects so they hosted their own show, which they have called Extreme Dorm Makeover. For anyone who hasnt seen the original show, a group of interior decorators and a contractor take over a house and completely transform it in one week, while they send the original owners on vacation. Unfortunately, I wasnt sent to Hawaii or Disney World, but I did witness a dramatic transformation. I loved our room to begin with, since its a half-solar double that faces the river and has two walls of continuous windows (yay Next House! All the rooms on the 2nd floor have tons of windows.) My friend, Kevin (08), just visited and hes proposed to be roommates next year to take advantage of free interior decoration services. Good thing I saw straight through him. One of the views: My litter sister and me: On Saturday night, after a long day of unpacking, my family went to my parents friends restaurant in Rhode Island. If youre ever itching for really good Mediterranean food and a nice mini-break, I would highly recommend this place. The restaurant is called Bay Leaves, in Kingston, RI, which is about thirty minutes from Providence. The commuter rail runs to Providence, so its a fun (and cheap) day trip. Id highly recommend visiting other cities for a change of pace, especially for freshmen (take advantage of pass/no record and see your friends at other schools.) In other news, Rush is in full swing! Ive been helping Chi Phi, but everyone has been having a blast chilling at luaus, paintballing, going to the beach, canoeing, dancing, and much, much more! Its a great time to check out the different living groups on campus so hopefully everyone is making the most of it.

Solutions for Lowering Alcohol Consumption Essay - 1361 Words

A couple years ago, a young man named John Doe left a sports bar with too much alcohol in his system. Miserable John could barely walk while catching the attention of ongoing cars and pedestrians. Eventually he found his car and made the mistake of sliding into the driver seat and starting up the engine. Far from sober, Johnny began driving and nearly took out a pole in the parking lot. However that did not stop him from driving. From crossing red lights to speeding on the highway and cutting other drivers off, things did not look like they were going to get any better for John. Once again, the reckless drunk driver caught everyone’s attention; everyone except the young lady crossing a street while on her phone. Before she knew it, the†¦show more content†¦Drinking massive amounts of alcohol has numerous negative effects on the human body like, headaches, distorted vision and hearing, alcohol poisoning, high blood pressure, liver disease, and nerve damage, â€Å"alco hol leads to addiction and can put people at a higher risk of over 200 disorders like tuberculosis and pneumonia† (TIME 1). The effects of alcohol all depend on how much was consumed and the physical condition of the person. Drinking massive amounts of alcohol has numerous negative effects on the human body like, headaches, distorted vision and hearing, alcohol poisoning, high blood pressure, liver disease, and nerve damage. Nothing positive or healthy results from drinking alcohol. Solutions for lowering alcohol consumption or completely getting rid of it have been around for a long time. Placing an age restriction on buying alcohol does not stop adolescents from possessing alcohol. Someone drinking an alcoholic beverage under the legal age is considered underage drinking and is a gigantic problem in the United States and United Kingdom. Prohibition being one of them however, due to an increase in criminal activity pertaining to drug dealers that would sell alcohol and smugg lers that would sneak in alcohol into the country, the act was lifted. There are countries around the world today that have banned alcohol. There also some cities and towns that still have banned alcohol today. New technology also has been invented to stopShow MoreRelatedWhy The Drinking Age During The U.s. Should Be Lowered1300 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerning the ability to purchase and drink alcohol. This is because the US law has set the threshold for alcohol purchase and consumption at 21 years of age (Mistral 1980). The question then remains; if an individual is considered an adult at 18 years of age, is it not right to allow them to purchase and consume alcohol at the same age? Answering this question has been a matter of polarizing debate, with those in support of and opposition to lowering the drinking age presenting valid arguments.Read MoreBinge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays829 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 March 13, 2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (WechslerRead MoreTo Lower or Not to Lower the Legal Drinking Age to 18, That Is the Question881 Words   |  4 Pagesis on the rise among college students (Eisenberg n.p.). With an increase of alcohol consumption by underage drinkers, it only seems logical to lower the drinking age to prevent binge drinking, however there are far more consequences to be seen. Lowering the drinking age to 18 will not solve the binge drinking problem among college students but will cause more problems. In this paper I will explain the reason why lowering the dri nking age will not stop binge drinking and the adverse effects this couldRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age At The United States Of America1698 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of Time to Lower the Drinking Age, puts forth the position that lowering the drinking age would actually be beneficial to society. Though lowering the drinking age to eighteen may lead to solutions to underage drinking, many other, more dangerous issues may arise from teenagers who begin to drink earlier in life; this is the greater matter that and it should not be overlooked on this issue. According to Mary Cary, lowering the drinking age would not increase drunk driving and the deaths associatedRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age ( Mlda )1428 Words   |  6 Pagesadults, ages 18-20, from partying with their friends, and consuming alcoholic beverages. It has lasted over the years as a popular way to rebel against parents, or other authority. Alcohol has a sort of â€Å"forbidden fruit† quality for young adults and teens because it is made out to be such a big deal by the government. Lowering it will get rid of this quality. The drinking age is set too high and I believe it needs to be lowered by changing the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Law (MLDA) from 21 years of ageRead MoreLowering The Drinking Age Of The Age981 Words   |  4 Pageschoose to drink illegally on a regular basis. According to the National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, by age fifteen roughly half of all teenagers have had their first drink, and that by age eighteen roughly seventy p ercent of all teenagers have had a drink (â€Å"Underage Drinking† np). The truth is, underage drinking is a common issue in America. Lowering the drinking age is believed by many to be a solution to reducing underage drinking. The idea is that if the drinking age is lowered; thoseRead MoreDrinking Age : A Good Idea899 Words   |  4 Pagescould possibly think it’s smart to lower the national minimum age requirement to buy and consume alcohol? Richard Marron, State Representative of Vermont, thinks it’s a good idea. Ruth C. Engs, Professor of Applied Health Sciences at Indiana University, thinks it’s a good idea. Dwight B. Heath, Professor of Anthropology at Brown University, thinks it’s a good idea. I think it’s a good idea. Wouldn’t lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) result in more cases of drunk driving? Overall, no. TheRead MoreTeenagers and Alcohol1584 Words   |  6 Pageslikely to get into trouble with alcohol use and possible accidents due to drinking and driving. However a person looks at this argument, teenagers should be able to make their own decisions in life and learn from their mistakes. People generally know that teenagers will find many ways to get alcohol. Teenagers find way to push the law requiring them to be twenty-one to purchase and consume alcohol underground or go around the law to get what they want. Teenagers use alcohol for reasons including stressRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesTolerance People believe that alcohol is essential to have a great party. People use alcohol for many reasons; peer pressure, anxiety, and to curb insomnia are some of the few reasons. Alcohol affects the parts of the brain that controls movement, speech, judgement, and memory. This is why some people cannot remember the night before when they went out drinking. It is a common fact that most teenagers have had a drink of alcohol before their twenty-first birthday. Most teenagers drink regularlyRead MoreProhibition Of The National Minimum Drinking Age Act1376 Words   |  6 Pages Prohibition was a time in American history where any type of alcohol consumption, production, and distribution was banned. The thirteen year, dry period finally came to an end because of the temptation and social urges alcohol pursues. Throughout these thirteen years, people corruptly consumed, produced, and distributed alcohol as if the regulations instituted by the government were suggestions. After the Prohibition laws were lifted in 1993, the drinking age was set at twenty one but was later

Beowulf Is A Hero Of Beowulf - 1017 Words

In the movie and book Beowulf, Beowulf represents a hero. Beowulf is like our modern day heroes, firefighters, policemen, military men, doctors and EMT’s. All of these men do the same thing as Beowulf did in the movie. The fight the villains and protect the innocent. Beowulf had super strength to help him defeat the villains and protect the innocent. I have heard moreover that the monster scorns in his reckless way to use weapons; therefore, to heighten Hygelac s fame and gladden his heart, I hereby renounce sword and the shelter of the broad shield, the heavy war-board: hand-to-hand is how it will be, a life-and-death fight with the fiend. (433-440) Although Grendel was a worthy opponent, he was still no match for Beowulf’s strength to kill the unbeatable monster. â€Å"Then he stepped to another still body, clutched as Beowulf with his claws, Grasped at a strong-hearted wakeful sleeper--And was instantly seized himself, claws bent back as Beowulf leaned up on one arm. That shepherd of evil, guardian of crime, knew at once that nowhere on earth had he met a man whose hands were harder;† When Grendel grabbed Beowulf, Grendel became afraid of Beowulf because he felt how strong Beowulf was and knew that Beowulf was stronger than Grendel. Beowulf went on to rip Grendel s arm off, which sent him back to the marshes that he came from. Beowulf was known as a hero, after he killed Grendel. In order for him to keep that status in Hrothgar’s village he had to slay Grendel s mother,Show MoreRelatedBeowulf the Hero1005 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf The Hero â€Å"†¦ A fiend out of hell†(Heaney 100). These words describe the monster Grendel, who is truly an evil entity. Only an epic hero with strength, courage and confidence is able to defeat this mighty foe. This hero’s name is Beowulf. He displays all of these throughout the epic. Beowulf’s first epic hero trait is confidence. Beowulf displays confidence when he talked to Unferth in the great hall Heorot. Beowulf said, â€Å"†¦but he will find me different. I will show him how Geats shapeRead MoreIs Beowulf a Hero?2129 Words   |  9 PagesIs Beowulf a hero? It is vital when approaching the question of whether or not Beowulf can be viewed as a hero to attempt to understand the concept of a ‘hero. Joseph Campbell, the American theorist, studied mythological characters and texts in great detail and developed the concept of the monomyth (or Heros Journey) which he suggested all heroes undertook: A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and aRead MoreHero and Beowulf1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe hero is an age-old concept that describes someone that will defend their honor to the end. In Beowulf, the author portrays the warrior Beowulf and his three battles in such a way as to clearly define what it means to be a hero. Fred Robinson and J. R. R. Tolkien addressed heroism in Beowulf regarding the warrior’s traits, as well as his battles and burial. The author of Beowulf defines the hero through Beowulf’s three battles with Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. In this poem, eachRead MoreBeowulf As A Hero1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of hero is never outdated in literary. Every author has their own understanding of how a hero should be like, and all heroes live and behave differently according to the society they live in. The definition of hero is much broad er than a man with superpower. In Beowulf and The Great Gatsby, both of the protagonist, Beowulf and Jay Gatsby are considered heroes in the story. Although both of them embody the values of their societies, Beowulf is a more successful hero because he truly reachesRead MoreBeowulf As A Hero910 Words   |  4 PagesWhy We Need Heros A hero, â€Å"a person noted for courageous acts or nobility of character†(â€Å"Hero†). A hero shows much more than honor and glory, they sacrifice their own life to selflessly help out the lives of others. By having heroes it gives us hope, wisdom, and justice throughout the nation. The three main types of heroes include an epic hero, superhero, and your own personal hero. These heroes show that it s more than the cape or armour they wear, they show the true meaning of a hero by definingRead MoreBeowulf : A Hero Or Hero?1092 Words   |  5 PagesCole Jackson Miss Sibbach Honors English IV 10 December, 2014 To Be a Hero, or To Not Be a Hero Countless people have tried to say that Beowulf represents the qualities required of an epic hero, but many people also suggest that Beowulf does not show any of these qualities. While Beowulf shows heroic characteristics in all of his acts, both pride and greed motivate his actions. The story of Beowulf contains all of the information needed to show this, but people do not notice that which they do notRead More Beowulf: A Hero Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf: A Hero Beowulf is a hero during the Middle Ages because of his generosity, strength, power, and courage. A hero is one who places himself or herself at great risk while performing acts of courage. Beowulf is a hero that put his life on the line for an entire kingdom. He has heroic and superhuman qualities. He must prove his worthiness of a superior warrior. He is recognized for his strengths and power of protecting his people. Beowulf is faced with three forces to fight, Grendel (a monster)Read MoreBeowulf Hero Analysis757 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   To Joseph Campbell a hero is an individual who is able to depart from his or her ordinary life for the sake of helping others in an opposite world. Campbell portrays his idea of a hero by utilizing the title character in Beowulf. Beowulf demonstrates many of Campbells stages of a hero through his strategic actions, his love for justice, and most importantly through his extraordinary strength.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The hero Beowulf, is the â€Å"strongest of the Geats-greater/ And stronger than anyone anywhere in thisRead MoreBeowulf Is a Hero Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf Essay Every epic hero possesses certain heroic characteristics. The epic poem Beowulf describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times. Beowulf is the hero. He shows that he is a great man by always putting other things before his own needs. He is important and needed by his people and is known by many as a strong, courageous and a helpful person. He shows all of the qualities and traits that a true hero possesses. Beowulf, like other epic heroes, possesses the following heroic qualities:Read MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero930 Words   |  4 Pages The story of Beowulf shows its reader many characteristics of why this Anglo-Saxon poem is an epic. First of all, Beowulf is a warrior of epic renown by the time he formally introduces himself in the poem. Next, Beowulf is the warrior that many strive to be in life. In addition, Beowulf finds himself tackling many quests that involve dangerous beasts, or as he might call them, demons. The next quality shown by Beowulf is his bravery and honor. The reader is able to easily identify this characteristic

The Philippine E-Grand Prix Complex Free Essays

Abstract The research and development of electric and alternatively driven cars are the next step in evolution of the automobiles; since the primary source of fuel for today’s cars are fossil fuels which is rapidly depleting and also damaging to the environment. In order to take the next step in the car’s evolution a research and development complex and test/racing track would be created to tackle the challenge of producing technology needed in order to make electric cars viable. Creating a racing/test track and development complex in the heart of the city at the SM Central Business Park in Pasay that only caters to electric and alternative fuelled or driven cars and would become the testing grounds and home for car manufacturers, local universities or engineering/technology firms and enthusiasts professional and amateur creating and developing electric and alternatively driven vehicles, also becoming the venue for alternatively driven vehicle racing events in the future exposing the public to the technology. We will write a custom essay sample on The Philippine E-Grand Prix Complex or any similar topic only for you Order Now In conclusion creating the development complex for electric and alternatively driven vehicles would develop and research to make alternative and electric driven vehicles and alternative and eventual replacement of fossil fuel vehicles. Chapter 1 Introduction: In today’s world the main form of transportation of getting from one place to another are cars or automobiles be it in the form of busses, cars, trucks or etc. they have become a necessary part of the world cars deliver our food and products, gets people to their work and where they need to be, enabled communities to grow in size and enabled people to live farther and travel longer distances. The invention of the automobile enabled communities to live farther away from where they work, to produce food and products away from the cities and be distributed to different places and enabled the majority of the population to travel long distances in relative safety. The  first appearances of the automobile began in 1976 with the creation of steam engine automobiles that were capable transporting people, in 1807 the first cars were equipped with internal combustion engines that run on fuel gas which became the model used to drive modern automobiles, simultaneously electric automobiles were also being developed and became moderately popular, but with problems and lack of development of battery technology at the time; which were small and very limited range, weight of the batteries and the problem of charging. With the internal combustion engine not having any of these problems since it run on fuel gas which: was easy to transport and distribute, made refueling relatively easy and had great range, the internal combustion engine automobile became the standard type of vehicle and eventually led to the disappearance of electric vehicles until recently. (Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson, 2010) The birth of the first true â€Å"modern automobile† appeared in the year 1886 with the Benz-Patent-Motorwagen created by German inventor Karl Benz which used a gasoline powered engine and was able to travel long distances that showed the viability of cars. With the invention of the first modern automobile it proved that horseless carriages or automobiles were suitable and replacement of horses as the main form of transportation (citation), as technology improved so did automobiles leading to efficient, powerful, versatile, safe and fast cars of today but the same basic concept of the first modern automobiles are still used in today’s cars; with the use of an internal combustion engine fuelled by gasoline to power the vehicle. (Steven Parissien, 2013) At the beginning of the 21st Century, interest in electrical and other alternative fuel vehicles has increased due to growing concern over the problems associated with hydrocarbon fueled vehicles, including damage to the environment caused by their emissions, and the sustainability of the current fossil fuel transportation infrastructure. With the renewed interest in electric and other alternative fuel vehicles in the 1990s some companies began manufacturing and selling electric cars in the early 90s although there were only few models and production limited it sparked the revival of the electric vehicle (EV) and with the continued advancement of technology, electric cars are becoming more widespread and viable today 2010s with companies like Tesla exclusively selling electric cars and mainstream manufacturers Toyota, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Honda,  Chevrolet, Citroen and Nissan fully electric production cars. (Gijs Mom, 2013) As automobiles became more successful and widespread it quickly became a part of modern life, with pioneers organizing automobile races during the late 1800s and early 1900s to advertise and showcase the capabilities of automobiles and were publicity stunts that showcased that cars were safe, easy and convenient in comparison to horses and reliable. Most of the races at the time were mostly shows, although some were actual races held between drivers and their cars. The races were held over long distances and lasted hours and some that took days to complete with distances of over 1000 kilometers with races starting from one city ending in another. In the 1930s to 1950s as cars became more popular and widespread with many companies starting to manufacture them, cars then started to become faster and faster with the high-end and expensive cars being turned into purpose built cars for speed and racing which then became the first race cars which competed in races, grand prixs, rallies and other forms of racing.( David Hassan,2013) After the Second World War with many empty and unused airfields and empty fields in Europe, enthusiasts and drivers started adapting and using them as race tracks which became the basis of modern motor racing and gave it an audience with the public. Auto racing then evolved and branched into different kinds of racing which spawn different types of race cars and with motor racing starting to appear in different countries all over the world with the establishment of different racing series, championships and federations, with different levels of motorsport ranging from amateur to professional, and became established as modern day motor racing. (Rà ©mi Paolozzi, 2003) Today major motorsport events are handled and governed by the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) also known as the International Automobile Federation, they represent the interest of motoring organizations and motor car users around the world. They handle auto racing events and classes, (e.g. Formula 1 and World Rally Championship) they create the rules and regulations for different classes of auto racing throughout the world and acts as its governing body through the local motoring associations and organizations of the country. (Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak, 2007) Formula-E or officially FIA Formula E Championship is a class of auto racing, sanctioned by the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA). The formula, designated in  the name, refers to a set of rules with which all participants’ cars must comply. Formula E is intended to be the highest class of competition for one-make, single-seat, electrically-powered racing cars. The series was conceived in 2012, with the inaugural championship to be held from September 2014 – June 15 across 10 cities (Beijing, Putrajaya, Rio de Janeiro, Punta Del Este, Buenos Aires, Los Angeles, Miami, Monte Carlo, Berlin and London) around the world. Background and Nature Background: Motor racing in the Philippines first started during the 1960s with racing events like the Manila Grand Prix; Philippines Grand Prix a street circuit located around Greenhills during 1973-1976 and the Great Gedol Grand Philippine Rally using cars that started out as production cars and were heavily modified into race cars and lasted through the 1970s during the time of the Marcos Regime these were considered the Golden Age of Philippines Motorsports where Philippine racing drivers and teams competed locally and internationally some becoming champions. Philippine motors racing today is still active with many regular events, racing series and championships from karting to touring cars from amateur to professional levels, accompanied by an active car and motoring culture. Motorsport tracks in the Philippines: Batangas Racing Circuit – road racing circuit, holds international events Subic International Raceway – road racing circuit Carmona Racing Circuit – karting circuit, motorbike circuit Clark International Speedway – road racing circuit Nature: Electric and Alternative Drive Racing – motorsport for race cars, production cars, prototypes, spec and formula cars that are alternatively powered vehicles, cars that don’t use the standard and conventional internal combustion engine and fossil fuel. Alternative drive vehicles: hybrid, electric, alternative fuel and fuel cell drive race cars and prototypes separated into different classes and spec, series and formula. A high tech motorsport featuring current and next generation automotive technology and used as a competitive testing ground to showcase, develop and pioneer alternative and future automotive technologies. Statement of the Problem As the deterioration of the environment due to greenhouse gasses worsens, can man made greenhouses gasses be reduced or slowed down by using alternatively driven vehicles? By developing and using alternatively driven vehicles how significant would it be at lowering man made greenhouse gasses in comparison with the traditional internal combustion engines. In order to develop these kinds of technologies in automobiles, auto racing has been an essential competitive proving and testing ground for pioneering, introducing and developing automotive technologies. Which leads to; would alternatively drive vehicles be a viable replacement or alternative for conventional motorsport? Can alternative drive vehicles be as exciting, authentic and high-tech as conventional motor racing and would technologies developed and used in these races and race cars be transferrable or relevant to the next generation or type of production cars. Project Objectives 1. To study conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars. To distinguish and list the differences between conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars and to be used as a base to compare its respective strengths and weaknesses. 2. To study the different types of motorsport around the world which use electric or alternative drive race cars. To create a basis of information and data in order to create an electric or alternative drive motorsport that can be adapted and used in the Philippine setting. 3. To study the viability and feasibility of electric and alternative drive motorsport in the Philippines. To see if an electric and alternative drive racing series and track would be a viable motorsport in the Philippines. To study what it would take to create a successful electric and alternative drive racing series. 4. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable and accessible for a racing and development track for alternatively driven vehicles. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable for motorsport that would be accessible to international and local competitors and developers and be accessible to the local motorsport culture and the general public. Keywords 1. Electric Vehicle – electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. Three main types of electric vehicles exist, those that are directly powered from an external power station, those that are powered by stored electricity originally from an external power source, and those that are powered by an on-board electrical generator (hybrid electric vehicles), such as an internal combustion engine or a hydrogen fuel cell EV. 2. Alternative Drive Vehicle – a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than conventional fossil fuel (gasoline or diesel); and also refers to any technology of powering an engine that does not involve solely petroleum (electric car, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicle, solar powered). 3. Motorsports – group of competitive sports which primarily involve the use of motorised vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition. 4. Auto racing/ Motor racing – group of competitive sports involving the racing of automobiles for competition. 5. Race Track – a facility for racing of vehicles, which include spectator facilities such as grandstands, hospitality, facilities for competitors, such as pit lanes and garages. 6. Automotive Technology – technologies found and used and developed in automobiles. Many of these technologies also have other applications. Significance of the Problem To see if there would be interest in electric and alternatively driven vehicles from enthusiasts and the general public. To see the economic difference of alternatively driven race cars from standard race cars based on fuel, parts, maintenance and running cost. To see if electric and alternatively driven vehicles would be a legitimate motorsport. Project Scope and Limitations Scope: Racing Track/Circuit Complex Development and Testing Facilities Limitations: Pioneering research in the Philippines. Few resources and Local Case Studies. Local Tracks are far and few. Few electric cars in the Philippines. Electric cars are not popular and in widespread use locally. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 1. Fifty Cars that Changed the World Conran Octupus: London 2009 ISBN 9781840915365 pg. 100 The book showcases the 50 most influential cars of the automotive industry to date. The Toyota Prius was released in 1997 which showed the commitment of a major manufacturer in alternative fuel technology. The Toyota Prius is a Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (HEV) a car that has a normal internal combustion (IC) engine which is partnered with an electric motor and batteries which power the car the at low speeds and at higher speeds using the IC engine which charges the battery of the electric motor producing high fuel and power efficiency which saves fuel. The Toyota Prius paved the way for the popularity and resurgence of electric and hybrid cars in popular culture today. 2. Modern Car Technology Jeff Daniels Haynes Publishing: CA 2001 ISBN 9781859608111 Chapter 8, pg. 82-89 Chapter 8 discusses the workings and mechanics of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles and also other green alternatives such as Bio-Diesel, Ethanol and LPG. 3. Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Jack Erjavec, Jeff Arias Delmar Publishers Inc.: NY ISBN 9781401881055 Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles – explains the basic and mechanical principles of the Hybrid (HEV), Battery Electric (BEV) and Fuel Cell (FCV) vehicles. It shows the basics of each type of vehicle their mechanics and technologies and goes into more advanced and complex mechanics, principles and technologies of each type of alternative vehicle. It also distinguishes each type of vehicles advantages and disadvantages and differences over the traditional ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles and other alternative vehicles. 4. Bio Ethanol: Production, Benefits and Economics Jason B. Earbum Nova Science Publishers Inc.: NY 2009 ISBN 9781607406975 Chapter 9 pg.151-152, Chapter 10 pg.165-167, Chapter 11 pg.173-178 Chapter 9 shows the widespread and worldwide use of Ethanol (E10) in normal vehicles which is 80% unleaded fuel mixed with Ethanol. In Chapter 10 discusses Bio-Diesel which is used as a diesel additive or be used as a complete replacement for diesel in diesel powered vehicles and Ethanol as an additive or as fuel on flexible fuel vehicles and its history. In Chapter 11 it discusses Fuel consumption of normal fuel and bio fuels worldwide, the cost and benefits of biofuels, how bio fuels affect air Quality and climate change. 5. Fuel Cell Engines Matthew M. Mench John Wiley Sons Inc.: NJ 2008 ISBN 978047168958 Chapter 1 pg.1-24 Chapter 1 discusses the uses of fuel cell technology (a device that creates electricity through chemical reactions with a fuel), the classes of fuel cells, potential uses from portable devices, stationary devices or power plants and in transportation as fuel cell vehicles and lastly the history of fuel cell development. 6. Biofuels for Transport: Global potential and Implications for Sustainable Energy and Agriculture World Watch Institute Earthscan: London 207 Chapter 1 pg. 3-9, Chapter 15 pg.250-262, Part 8 pg.329-344 Chapter 1 discusses the current status of biofuels and its industry and gives an overview of what biofuel is (Bio Diesel, Ethanol). Chapter 15 shows the different types biofuel vehicles; Bio-diesel which can be used in normal diesel vehicles or as an additive and ethanol which is added in E10 fuels used normal cars and fully ethanol driven cars. Part 8 shows country studies of bio fuels from China, India, Tanzania, Brazil and Germany. 7. Fossil Fuels and Pollution: The Future of Air Quality Jackie Kerr Casper, Ph.D. Facts on File Inc.: NY 2010 ISBN 978081672651 Chapter 1 pg. 1-25, Chapter 2 pg. 26-62, Chapter 5 pg. 111-114, Chapter 9 pg. 197-209 Chapter 1 gives an overview of fossil fuel and its history, Chapter 2 discusses the effects of fossil fuels its potentials and how it can affect the health of people. Chapter 5 discusses fuel economy and the rate of global use of fossil fuels. Chapter 9 shows alternative vehicles to ICE vehicles: Hybrid, Electric, Flexible Fuel, Plug-in, Air Powered and Fuel Cell vehicles and future developments and technologies of vehicles. 8. Alternative Fuels: The Future of Hydrogen Second Edition Michael Frank Hordeski The Fairmont Press Inc. / Taylor Francis Ltd.: GA 2008 ISBN 9781420080162 Chapter 3 pg. 67-100, Chapter 4 pg. 101-124 Chapter 3 gives the history of cars from its inception and the accompanying history of fuels used by cars. Chapter 4 takes a more in-depth look at the fuel development of vehicles up to the present and also the alternative fuels and technologies and how hydrogen used in fuel cells can power and be used in vehicles of the future. 9. Vehicle Powertrain Systems Behrooz Mashadi, David Crolla John Wiley Sons: West Sussex, UK 2012 ISBN 9780470666029 Chapter 7 pg. 425-474 Gives an in-depth look at vehicle powertrain systems (the system that make the car move) gives an introduction to Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) its parts: internal combustion engine, electric motor and batteries and the different types of HEVs: Series and Parallel. 10. Fundamentals of Automotive Technology Kirk T. Van Gelder Jones Barett Learning: MA 2014 ISBN 9781449624118 A manual and in-depth guide automotive technology and systems, and an in-depth guide to alternative fuels and drive systems used in today’s cars: Biofuel vehicles and the different types Ethanol, Bio Diesel, Methanol, Bio Bubetanol, Fuel Cell vehicles with only hydrogen fuel cells being viable and used, Battery Electric Vehicles that only use electricity and need to be charged and Hybrid Drives which use an ICE and an Electric motor and batteries and different types: Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel. 11. Electric Vehicles: Technology, Policy and Commercial Development Serra, Jao Vitor Fernandes Earthscan: London 2011 ISBN 9781849714150 The book gives a brief history as to why the internal combustion engines are used in vehicles. How electric vehicles work and the technologies, principle and mechanics used and a history of electric vehicle development. The cost effectiveness of electric vehicles versus traditional internal combustion engines and the alternative vehicles. And lastly discusses the policies for electric vehicles in order to push them to be used. 12. Hybrid Alternative Fuel Vehicles James D. Halderman, Tony Martin Pearson: NJ 2011 ISBN 9780135103845 An in-depth manual and expert guide for current Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles in which the book shows the concepts and mechanics of different types of vehicles and shows different examples actual and current hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles and an in-depth and expert look at their systems and technologies. 13. Automotive Engineering: Powertrain, Chassis System and Vehicle Body 1st Edition David A. Crolla Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, UK 2009 ISBN 9781856175777 Chapter 6 pg. 141-172 Chapter 7 pg. 175-202 Chapter 6 discusses the mechanics and principles of electric vehicles on how they work and the technologies used for them to work. Chapter 7 shows the  concept and principles in order for Fuel cell vehicles to work, the technologies and mechanics in the workings of these type of vehicles and explains the technology behind it. 14. The Electric Vehicle: Technology and Expectations in the Automobile Age Gijs Mom JHU Press: 2013 ISBN: 9781421412689 The book provides a complete and detailed history of the electric car from the replacement of horses and rise of the automobile. The book in detail discusses the progress of the automobile from the horseless carriage to present day, but focuses on the electric cars, which were actually used before internal combustion engines on cars. It discusses the early shortcomings of the electric car from the short battery life and range which made the ICE vehicle the preferred choice early in the cars development, to misconceptions about electric cars that led it to be forgotten in automotive technology until recently when it has been rediscovered as an alternative to fossil fueled vehicles due to depleting fuel resources and environmental issues. 15. Electric and Hybrid Cars: A History Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson McFarland, 2010 ISBN: 9780786457427 The book discusses Electric and Hybrid Cars from a brief introduction of the birth of the automobile industry and the evolution of the electric car from its earliest iterations to it resurgence today. It also discusses the politics that happened in the history of the electric car because it was a competitor to gas powered cars and answered why the electric car suddenly disappeared. It also discusses the technological advancements that made the electric car possible and the marketing of these types of cars today. 16. The History of Motor Sport: A Case Study Analysis (Sport in the Global Society – Historical perspectives) David Hassan Routledge, 2013 ISBN: 9780415851213 Chapter 2 Gives the history of the beginnings of motor racing that started in France and the pioneers in Belgium, it also tells on how automobile racing expanded throughout Europe. 17. The Regulation of Sport in the European Union Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007 ISBN: 9781847208569 pgs. 74-96 Explains what the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) is and its power as the governing body of all forms of motorsports using four or more wheels. It focused on its regulation on Formula 1 auto racing and the extent of power and abuses the FIA had on the auto racing being able to force out competing other motorsports not sanctioned by the FIA. 18. McKinsey Quarterly, February 2011 The fast lane to the adoption of electric cars Russell Hensley, Strefan M. Knupfer and Axel Krieger The article is about electric cars and its adoption in large metropolitan cities; Shanghai, Paris and New York in these study. In the article it states that to the buyers and users of electric cars in metropolitan cities the things that are important are the cars being a status symbol especially in Shanghai and New York, the benefits to the environment and the savings from using electricity. Another point of the article was the preferences of electric vehicles of the three cities in where in Shanghai they preferred PHEVs in which were able to use a normal engine after running out of gas, BEVs in New York and Paris which were pure Electric vehicles which relied on batteries and charging. Lastly the article studied that incentives that  attracted buyers were not monetary but low cost incentives what they were attracted to, and that the future of mass producing EVs relied on fixed routes delivery vehicles in metropolitan cities making the switch EVs. 19. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Volume 3 Towards All-Electric FSAE Race Cars S. Watkins, G. Pearson, M. King ISBN 9789881925152; ISSN: 20780966(Online) FSAE is a global student based competition with over 200 universities involved, it is a competition where student-teams create a small scale racing car following a strict set of rules limiting the students and make them more reliant on their ingenuity and creativity in order to get more performance from their vehicles. With the changing automotive market with new and technologies especially electric and alternative fuel vehicles creating a sub-racing series that would create all-electric FSAE cars would help students and engineers. 20. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010 DOI: 10.1021/es100520c Environmental Implication of Electric Vehicles in China Hong Huo, Qiang Zhang, Michael Q. Wang, David G. Streets and Kebin He The article is about the study of the environmental implication of electric vehicles as a replacement for the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle. The study compared the CO2 level of traditional ICE vehicles and the CO2 levels from the additional CO2 production of power plants which use coal for the charging of electric vehicles (which in theses study replaced ICE vehicles) and found electric vehicles did not give much benefit in reducing CO2 production. In conclusion to their study they found that electric vehicles were a great solution to oil shortage but failed to address the environmental issue. How to cite The Philippine E-Grand Prix Complex, Papers

Linked List Basics free essay sample

Most obviously, linked lists are a data structure which you may want to use in real programs. Seeing the strengths and weaknesses of linked lists will give you an appreciation of the some of the time, space, and code issues which are useful to thinking about any data structures in general. Somewhat less obviously, linked lists are great way to learn about pointers. In fact, you may never use a linked list in a real program, but you are certain to use lots of pointers. Linked list problems are a nice combination of algorithms and pointer manipulation. Traditionally, linked lists have been the domain where beginning programmers get the practice to really understand pointers. Audience The article assumes a basic understanding of programming and pointers. The article uses C syntax for its examples where necessary, but the explanations avoid C specifics as much as possible — really the discussion is oriented towards the important concepts of pointer manipulation and linked list algorithms. We will write a custom essay sample on Linked List Basics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other Resources †¢ Link List Problems (http://cslibrary. stanford. edu/105/) Lots of linked list problems, with explanations, answers, and drawings. This 4-12-2001 edition represents minor edits on the 1999 edition. Dedication This document is distributed for free for the benefit and education of all. That a person seeking knowledge should have the opportunity to find it. Thanks to Stanford and my boss Eric Roberts for supporing me in this project. Best regards, Nick -nick. [emailprotected] stanford. edu Section 1 — Linked List Basics Why Linked Lists? Linked lists and arrays are similar since they both store collections of data. The terminology is that arrays and linked lists store elements on behalf of client code. The specific type of element is not important since essentially the same structure works to store elements of any type. One way to think about linked lists is to look at how arrays work and think about alternate approaches. Array Review Arrays are probably the most common data structure used to store collections of elements. In most languages, arrays are convenient to declare and the provide the handy syntax to access any element by its index number. The following example shows some typical array code and a drawing of how the array might look in memory.

17th Century Restoration Literature, John Wilmot, Aphra Behn and the Philoshopical Background of Libertinism Essay Example

17th Century Restoration Literature, John Wilmot, Aphra Behn and the Philoshopical Background of Libertinism Essay Libertinism is the term used to describe the philosophical outlook that began to be adopted by some northern Europeans in the 17th century, predominantly in England and France. Libertines placed a great emphasis on the pleasures that could be enjoyed in life, such as sex and alcohol, holding a cynical view toward anything that could not be physically experienced. Religiously the ‘sinful’ living that many libertines carried out meant they instantly clashed with the views of the established church and while many libertines would have held atheistic or nihilistic views on life, this is not to say that all libertines were without religion.When considering why libertinism evolved it is important to remember that this change in people’s thinking was set against a changing political backdrop. The Restoration certainly had a knock on effect, for starters, the celebratory atmosphere would defiantly have been accompanied by much drinking and carousing. Perhaps it was the su dden change from being ruled by the strict religious line of Cromwell to a monarchy that had been famously living a lavish party lifestyle while in exile that caused this surge of libertinism (Daiches, 538).Even the theatre, the setting where more liberal ideas that might oppose the moral code of the puritans could be presented, was re-opened following the restoration. One could even point to the influence of the scientific revolution that was taking place at this time. With a new focus on trusting empirical evidence only people were challenging firmly established beliefs, as well as authoritative opinion, allowing for people to develop their own ideas and philosophies (Smith, 78).A major influence on libertine thought was the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. Many of Hobbes influential ideas such as his views on social and political order and the notion of the rights of the individual were concepts that underpinned the liberal, unrestricted thought of the libertines. In particular I fee l Hobbes’ liberal interpretation of law that people are free to do whatever the law does not explicitly forbid, allows for more liberal thinking about how societal and personal boundaries could be expanded (Manet, 38).When comparing the poetry of Aphra Behn and John Wilmot, the 2nd Earl of Rochester, two influential libertine writers, naturally enough much of the discussion will inevitably gravitate around gender issues. In an almost completely male dominated environment of the literary world Aphra Behn managed to become the first female to earn a living by writing. Her gender unavoidably affected her work, in that she had somewhat less freedom to explore certain issues than men would have, however it did not stop her from expressing her feelings and from giving a real female perspective in her poetry.In this sense it could be argued that perhaps the poetry of Behn is equally as radical and controversial as the notoriously provocative work of Rochester. The poem â€Å"The D isappointment†, by Aphra Behn and Rochester’s’ â€Å"The Imperfect Enjoyment† give us the perfect opportunity to analyse both writers together as in these poems deal with the same subject – a premature sexual encounter. The first most obvious difference is of course the fact that Rochester is describing the experience from his own perspective with his use of ‘I’ throughout his description of the events.The use of this personal pronoun gives the reader a sense that this is a genuine experience of the authors; however it means that this poem is almost exclusively concerned with the male point of view, with no empathy shown for the woman’s feelings. In Aphra Behn’s poem on the other hand we are given the female perspective of an encounter between Lysander, a shepherd and Cloris, a maid. The style and tone of each poem is noticeably different.While Rochester shows no shyness in getting straight to the gritty, graphic and often crude details of the encounter, Behn, while by no means completely innocent, makes reference to notions of virtue and love. She discusses â€Å"Their bodies, as their souls†, with mentions love throughout. While Rochester initially uses the woman’s seductive nature as an excuse, believing that ‘A touch from any part of her had donet’, as the poem progresses an element of self-doubt emerges when he begins to feel that perhaps his own performance is to blame.He displays his frustration and anger with his body’s inadequacies with his use of war metaphors, conveying the obvious shame he feels by depicting his penis as a cowardly instrument. Behn on the other hand cites the lovers overly passionate attraction to one another, â€Å"Pleasure which too much love destroys†, as the cause for their overly hasty meeting. This is a good example of the fundamental difference that exists between the two poets outlook on love, Rochester is a cynic while Beh n appears to look beyond mere physical realities.As to the misogynistic nature of Rochester’s poetry it is difficult to argue against the assertion that he viewed women as much more that sexual objects. He displays his low opinion of women throughout his work, barring moments where he appreciates women for their aesthetic beauty. When discussing Rochester’s misogyny we must take into consideration social attitudes and also the fact that it was a time where London was rife with prostitution; however this does not excuse his clear distain for the entire female gender. His poem ‘A Ramble in St.James Park’ depicts the sexual undercurrent that existed in London at the time. Here Rochester conveys the ethereal feeling of awe that a particularly attractive woman can have ‘The proud disdain she cast on me, through charming eyes, he would have swore, she dropped from heaven that very hour’. Unsurprisingly though only lines later Rochester shows his tr ue sentiment saying that women are creatures that are â€Å"infinitely vile, when fair! †, perhaps Rochester’s own deep seeded feelings of lust and jealously being the cause of this.In his poem â€Å"Song† Rochester professes woman’s inferiority to men, â€Å"Love a woman! y’are an Ass, ‘Tis a most insipid Passion, To choose out for your happiness The idlest part of god’s creation! †. This could be perhaps be interpreted as Rochester expressing his preference for homosexual relations but nonetheless he views women as idle creatures and is unmistakably misogynistic. One can point to countless examples where Rochester uses derogatory language to convey his feelings about women, commonly referencing women as ‘whores’ and depicting them as meaningless sexual objects.There is reason to think that Rochester’s renowned misogyny may be closely linked to his philosophical views. His cynical, materialistic outlook on l ife leaves him fixated with the physical mechanics of sexuality, as Marianne Thormahlen observes â€Å"At the centre of Rochester’s poems on love, there is an empty space† (Cambridge Companion, 208). I think it is this shallowness that leads Rochester to become increasingly frustrated with women and therefore women inevitably incur the same damming condemnation that Rochester seems to inflict on every subject that he discusses.

The Perfect Blog Post Simpler Is Better - CoSchedule Blog

The Perfect Blog Post Simpler Is Better Blog I have designed my fair share of blog themes from top to bottom, and while I have allowed myself to experiment some, I usually find that there is almost a formula for success. This doesnt mean that there are a bunch of hard and fast rules. It just means that successful blogs usually look a certain way for a reason. In art school, I was taught that I needed to learn the rules of art before I was allowed to break them. The same goes for many things in life.  Once you understand the rules, it will up to you to implement them, and break them, as you see fit. Here are a few of the rules for blog design that I have adopted over the years. Know the rules well, so you can break them effectively.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Dalai Lama XIVLess Is Really More Often, we equate working on our blog with installing a new widget on our sidebar. Trust me, your sidebar doesnt need another widget. If fact, it probably needs less. What you really need is a blog that works with your goals, and converts on your call-to-action. Sounds simple, but how do we get there? Our blog design must serve our content well. Your layout should make your content easy to read and experience. 100% of our blog design needs to be about the  content that it is serving. A great blog design focuses on a single call to action. What do you want the reader to do when they come to your blog? You could pick seven different things. Pick one. With that, I would like to introduce the perfect blog post. Download a PDF copy of this diagram to use as you blog. The Content The content area of your blog should be the largest and most prominent. Your content is why your readers are here, and it should be: Easy To Read Use large, easy-to-read fonts with extra padding around the post and a fair amount of white space. Giving your content some breathing room will go a long way in making the post more readable. Contain Inline Call-To-Actions I like to include at least a few inline call-to-actions in each post. Prompting the reader to tweet a quote or a callout is easier than getting them to share a post at the end. To do this, we made our own custom plugin which we later  started giving away. Minimize Meta Data I usually try to keep meta-data to a minimum. When designing a blog, the author, category, and date information is up for debate. You will need to consider carefully your need for them. Keep it to the bare minimum. Keep Sharing Buttons To A Minimum I have personally come to believe that sharing buttons should be simple, minimal, and usually at the bottom of the post. After all, the post is about your content, not share buttons. Many blogs believe that more sharing buttons will equal more sharing, but that is rarely the case. The Sidebar The sidebar of your blog is becoming less and less important every day. You should evaluate it carefully, and it might be the first place where you start breaking some of the rules. Placement. Whether you place your sidebar on the left or right doesnt matter, though the right side is a bit more traditional for a blog. Generally speaking, putting things where the user expects them to be is a good thing. No Content. Less is more, especially when it comes to the sidebar. Medium has popularized the no-sidebar blog post, and it works. In general, go for as little as you can stand to have in the sidebar. Rethink The Standbys. I used to believe that a list of categories and recent blog posts belonged on every sidebar. Once I dug into my analytics data, I discovered that these items were rarely used. They may not be so important, after all. Search? Maybe. Usually, I end up including a search box somewhere on my blog, but only because I so often use it myself. This element may or may not be important for you. Dont Buy Ads On Your Own Blog. You may be tempted to fill your sidebar with a link to every important part of your site. Dont. I never take out ads on my own blog, and you shouldnt either. The Call to Action One of the reasons that I find all of this so important is that with social sharing and search engines, our blog is often  the first thing that our readers or future customers will see. In essence, your blog is your homepage. It  is not only important to make a good first impression, but it is also important to make sure that you are not asking too much of them on their first visit. I often think about a website visitor in terms of a dating relationship. If youve just met someone for the first time, you dont ask them to marry you. You have to get to know them first. The same goes for blog visitors. What is the most reasonable thing that we can ask of them? Are you trying to get them to the altar when you need to  get to know them better?

Virgin Atlantic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Virgin Atlantic - Essay Example Also, deregulation has resulted in a multitude of other airlines whom are able to provide low fares. That said, their strengths, which includes providing luxuries such as Samsung Galaxy tablets and high speed Wi-Fi, plus extra creature comforts such as flat bed and comfortable chairs, in addition to other value-added services, such as express security check-in for business customers. However, for the future, Virgin should continue to invest in higher end luxuries, and continue to keep their fleets small, and this is the best way to compete in any market. The Value Chain The value chain is one of the ways that the Virgin Airlines will be strategically examined. Porter (1985) described how firms can be broken down by their activities, and how a firm may obtain a competitive advantage by identifying these strategic activities and finding a way to perform these activities cheaper and better than its competitors (Porter, 1985, p. 34). Porter explained by the value chains may go upstream, which is the supplier delivering to the firm, and downstream, which is the firm delivering the product to the customer. Moreover, Porter states that the value chain must take a holistic approach, which means that the discrete components of its value chain must fit into an overall value system, therefore they all must be integrated. Porter goes on to explain ways that a firm might obtain a competitive advantage over other firms, such as targeting to a niche market, which would allow the firm to tailor the value chain to this niche, which results in lower costs; competing in related industries with coordinated value chains; or firms may also gain a competitive advantage by widening or narrowing their geographic markets. Porter also states that firms may gain a competitive advantage by affiliating themselves with other entities, such as mergers, joint ventures, licenses and supply agreements (Porter, 1985, p. 34). How this relates to Virgin Airlines is that, as will be explained, it is gaining a competitive advantage, through its value chain, by appealing to a niche market, which is the high-end market who is patronizing an airline because of its amenities and luxuries. As it is tailoring its strategy to this niche, as opposed to attempting to appeal to a broader market, it has been able to keep its costs down by keeping its fleet small, and diversifying only by expanding into other markets through subsidiaries. It has therefore chosen to eschew another way that Porter states that companies may gain a competitive advantage, which is through affiliating themselves with other entities. Above illustration available at: http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&newwindow=1&biw=1067&bih=489&tbm=isch&tbnid=Q095X0MX-AyACM:&imgrefurl=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/9354561/Porter-Value-Chain-Template&docid=gBEEIrN13AnqTM&imgurl=http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/9354561.png&w=1500&h=1125&ei=YhDyT6faFuio2wWBkaTSCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=276&vpy=4&dur=6408&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=1 36&ty=162&sig=111730839532732020329&page=2&tbnh=127&tbnw=169&start=10&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:10,i:113 According to Oster (1999), the value chain is one way that an organization may be competitive by identifying where, on the value chain, they can improve upon the competition by improving or differentiating themselves from their competitors. For instance, a firm may improve its method of procurement, distribution or inventory (Oster, 1999, p. 131). Or, in the case of an airline, the airline may look at its

Cain and Abel After Eden,Fugitives and Pilgrims, A House Divided Essay

Cain and Abel After Eden,Fugitives and Pilgrims, A House Divided - Essay Example This chapter describes the origin of the world as illustrated in the Bible in the book of Genesis. The book 16 monitors the development of these cities from the time of Noah, to the time of Abraham. In later stages of this chapter, the progress of the heavenly city from Abraham to Israel’s kings is illustrated. In book 18, Augustine explains the distinct and separate nature of the heavenly city and the earthly city; as from Abraham’s times to the world’s end. The book also describes the actions of Jesus Christ, and the sacred prophets who existed immediately after Rome’s foundation; like Hosea, Isaiah, Amos and Micah. Book 19 describes the end of the earthly city and the heavenly city. Augustine studies the philosophers’ opinions on the supreme good, and the vain efforts they try to make for happiness in life. Augustine also illustrates the happiness and peace that is found in the heavenly city. Augustine illustrates in the City of God the Christianity’s interaction with other different religions and philosophies; and also the relationship of Christianity with the Roman government. Augustine consoled the Christians in the Roman Empire that the City of God is the most superior, and will eventually

The Differences Between Programme And Portfolio Management Management Essay

The Differences Between Programme And Portfolio Management Management Essay Portfolio and programme management has question of governance from two perspectives. The first perspective is the interconnectedness of the different project objectives in order to increase of combined project outcomes. This requires to the development of programmes, which defined by Project Management Institute (PMI) as a group of related projects, managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually (PMI, 2004) cited in (Blomquist Moller, 2006). The other perspective is concerned with the interrelationships among the management requirements for these multi projects in order to achieve the organizations overall business benefits. This led the need to develop portfolio management techniques which also defined by (PMI) as the centralized management of one or more portfolios, which includes identifying, prioritizing, authorizing, managing and controlling projects, programmes and other related work to achieve specific strategic busin ess objectives. (PMI, 2004) cited in (Blomquist Moller, 2006) From this concept it can be understood as a collection of projects or programmes and other work that are grouped together to facilitate effective management of that work in order to meet strategic business benefits. The projects or programmes of the portfolio may not necessary be interdependent or directly related. It is important to establish what is meant by programme management as opposed to portfolio management. The practitioners of the project management had tried to find good alignment between project management and organization strategy. Researches (Yuming, Quan Peng, 2007) in the literature has examined the idea for these strategies that should be aligned and moved from the corporate level through portfolio, programme and multi projects in a systematic manner that provides cohesion, visibility and effective communication as shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Diamond-E Model based alignment between strategy and portfolio project management adopted from (Yuming, Quan Peng, 2007) Programme Management:- In the past, the term programme has many synonyms that have been used, including multi project, portfolio of projects, macro project, and complex change (Ferns, 1991). A 3 phase for implementing programme management is suggested by (Ferns, 1991) as follows; preparatory phase, programme establishment, programme management. Basically, the concept of project management has evolved to what so called programme management and finally portfolio management. Most literatures illustrates programme management to be connected with albeit different from portfolio management (Lycett, Rassau and Danson, 2004; Turner and Muller, 2003) cited in (Blomquist Moller, 2006). However, Programme management is often perceived as the top layer of a hierarchy consisting of multi projects. The main goals of programme management is to focus on improving efficiency and effectiveness by choosing better prioritization, planning and coordination in the management of projects. Also by developing of business focus by identifies the goals of multi projects and the entire programme related to the requirements, goals, drivers and organizations work culture. Some researches on programme management have classified into three categories; programme management as an entity for organizational structure, programme management process and life cycles, and competencies for programme management. Sometimes, projects are too large to manage as a single entity. It is more convenient and effective to have work breakdown structure in a series of closely related and linked projects, each of them managed by a project manager, reporting to a programme manager (Buttrick, 2000a). PROGRAM.jpg Figure 2: A programme where each individual constituent project is used to manage a substantial work adopted from (Buttrick, 2000a) Generally, Programme management is a technique that provides the organization to coordinate multiple related projects concurrently, and cannot be controlled individually by bringing together people, activities and information in order to achieve the end goal and obtain significant benefits from them as a collection (Norton, 2008) and (Deancon, 2010). Programme may involve elements of related work outside the scope of the discrete projects in programme such as ongoing operations. A programme can only succeed if the multi-projects within the programme are completed, therefore without programme management; the projects will be uncoordinated and will not integrate into a final goal. Other authors (Haughey, 2001) has defined programme management as a group of related projects carried out in order to achieve a defined business objective and benefit. It provides specific way to control project management and covers vision, mission, aims and objectives, scope, approach, design, responsibilit ies, resourcing and benefits realization. By using well defined framework. The programme management has four basic stages; programme identification, planning, delivery and closure. These stages take the programme from beginning which must be based on strategies, right through to the final realization of a defined business objectives or benefits. 2.1 Structure of Programme Management:- The structure of Prgramme management allows controlling multi projects so they deliver effectively for the group as well as to hand the changes proactively and also it provides a framework for handling complexity and risk. Moreover, there is often a program support group to undertake the necessary coordination, administration and implement common standards (Buttrick, 2000a). It concentrates on delivering new capabilities and services, Business plan, Strategic objectives, Change and some other initiatives. For example the long term objectives can be definite by programme management, and this will help the organization to identify the multi projects that will lead in achieving these objectives and needs to think carefully about the benefits of these projects are designed to bring about. These potential benefits are considered as; meeting business needs, saving, and reducing risk. The main activities for programme management are: setting the baseline, agreeing roles and responsibilities , Programme planning, project priority, stakeholder communication, progress reporting, quality management, risk management, issue management, managing benefits and programme closure (Haughey, 2001). Some authors says that(Haughey, 2001), all programmes should have a well defined baseline from which to measure costs and benefits resulting from investment into the programme. Hence, Programme management is becoming an increasing important issue for managing changes within business which can be internal, such as increasing the level of products, or external, such as implementing a new government policy (Norton, 2008). Project team.jpg Figure 3 A typical programme management structure adopted from (Buttrick, 2000a) Project portfolio:- With a strongly increase share of companies investing in project- organized undertakings, the generally expected advantage in controllability for multi project comes along with a loss of transparency and hence effectiveness of the overall project landscape (Elonen and Artto, 2003) cited in (Jonas, 2010). So the need for a structure and proactive management of the project landscape gets increasingly important. Effective project portfolio management is becoming a key competence for organizations handling numerous projects simultaneously. A project portfolio is seen as number of projects that compete for scarce resources and are conducted under the sponsorship or management of a specific organization (Buttrick, 2000b). Refer to (Jonas, 2010) study, the measure for portfolio success should be taken at different points in time. The overall system success is consisting of three dimensions; process effectiveness, portfolio success and portfolio related corporate success. The tasks for portf olio management is consist of those related to multi project is; portfolio structuring, resource management, portfolio steering, and organizational learning and portfolio exploitation It can be argue that the portfolio management system success will be positively influenced by the extant to which these multi project portfolio tasks are executed in the company. As mentioned realer, Portfolio management is all the projects which are related or unrelated, undertaken by an organization. These can be divided into functional area such as IT, supply chain, HR, new development. With this level, it gives a complete view across the organization to understand all the multiple projects are taking place, related or unrelated. The best way for presenting this data is by business function, thereby giving a view of the projects in a specific area. Portfolio management is useful for decision makers because it provides them a total view of all initiatives taking place across the organization. This will ensure that the organization focused on what is important, helps avoiding duplication and informs strategic decision making. The activities which will be undertaken during portfolio management are: Checking strategic alignment, risk management, progress reporting. When the organization handling group of projects which are carried out by sponsorship and managed by this organization. These projects must complete for scare resources such as people, finances, time, and so on which can be available from the sponsors, since there are normally not enough resources to hand out for proposed multi projects which meets the organizations minimum requirements on certain criteria. Therefore project portfolio is the selection for periodic activity involved in selection a portfolio, from available project proposals and the multi project currently underway which must meet the organizations stated objectives in a desirable manner without exceeding available resources or effecting other constraints (Archer Ghasemzadeh, 1999) . So the portfolio management has to be pivotal in planning and controlling complex project more effectively and more efficiently and this can be achieved by implementing project portfolio management practices as a management innovation. Programme and Portfolio Management:- With the understanding the difference between programme and portfolio management, it is possible to understand what the organization needs to achieve and how programme and portfolio management fits into an organization processes and procedures. The hierarchy in this understand is shown in figure 1. Figure 1 Programme management Hierarchy adopted from (Haughey, 2001) By considering that, some multi projects are too large to manage as a single entity, so it is necessary to split them up into smaller manageable projects. And also if the whole project is too large for single project manager to handle, then, the numbers of projects managers are needed to handle the small projects. Hence smaller project with multiple project managers all designed to achieve a single long term objective for the organization. For control these groups and have an overall view a programme manager is required. 5 Conclusions:- The synopsis differences between a programme and portfolio in multi projects are; Programme is a group of projects related to the organization that are managed in a coordinated way to gain business goals that would not be possible were these projects managed independently (Ferns, 1991). Programme management concentrates on delivering; new capabilities, Business plan, Strategic objectives, Change and other initiatives. Portfolio management is all projects, related or unrelated, being carried out by this organization. Portfolio management aims to optimize the results of project portfolio to gain organization benefits and wants. Portfolio project a collection of projects, programmes and other work that are compiled together to facilitate the effective management of the same work to meet strategic business benefits. Each one has a special role to play and needs to be managed differently (Deancon, 2010). programme and portfolio management has been designed to fulfill nearly all organizations individual and multi projects to succeed in todays competitive climate.

Founding Brothers Essay

The book, Founding Brothers, tells about the struggles of the American leaders after the revolution to establish a new government and the events that occurred during this time. Famous Americans such as Thomas Jefferson and John Adams along with their opposite points of view about the Constitution are given equal focus. The author brings to light the amazing ability of the colonies to come together, bring about change and break away from England to establish a nation built on democracy. This story is one that every American will have a stake in, as it forms the backbone of our national history. The author of Founding Brothers is Joseph Ellis, who has degrees from Yale and the College of William and Mary. His writing centers on American history, and he won the National Book Award in 1997 for his work American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. One of his other works is titled Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams (Ellis, 2000, title page). Ellis goes right into the details of the debate that was fueling between the two sides in reference to the new American Constitution. He talks about James Madison who, with Alexander Hamilton, wrote the Federalist Papers. Madison was pushing for compromise on the Constitutional question and was doing his best to create a middle ground (2000, p. 52-53). Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and many of the others were already seeing a small example of the legacy they were creating, but didn’t fully understand it yet. The author points this out by saying: Men make history, and the leading members of the revolutionary generation realized they were doing so, but they can never know the history they are making (2000, p. 4). Ellis also points out how important that the decade in which the Constitution was written was to American history. According to him, these ten years of dealing with many of the issues that face the nation set the stage for future events to come, such as the Civil War (200, p. 9-10). During the debate of the Constitutional convention, slavery was a major obstacle and one that would not be settled completely here. The debate that took place in 1790 between those for and against slavery shows not only the struggle to create a new nation but also the fact that these leaders were considering what would happen as the nation grew and changed (200, p. 88). Another major aspect of this time period that the author addresses is the presidency of George Washington and the political divide that began to form among the nation’s leaders. Throughout his role as the first president, Washington was seen as an immortal figure that was beloved and respected. When he decided to retire as president in 1796, he left a strict warning for those he was leaving in charge: to avoid breaking apart and political parties in taking sides against each other. He wanted the nation to be united as one, and also to have its leaders be united as well (Ellis, 2000, p. 128-129). The author gives the reader an interesting view of these major characters by providing behind the scenes details that is often opposite to the stereotypes they are seen as now. For instance, Ellis goes into detail about George Washington’s character during his time as president. For instance, the author says: First, it is crucial to recognize that Washington’s extraordinary reputation rested less on his prudent exercise of power than on his dramatic flair and surrendering it. He was, in fact, a veritable virtuoso of exits (2000, p. 129-130). Along with relevant details about Washington’s health and personality, the reader sees a different side of this famous individual. Throughout the entire novel, Ellis organizes the book in a way that makes it easy to follow the events that occurred right after the revolution up to the time when the Constitution was being written. He provides personal quotations and references from those involved that gives the reader a deeper understanding of how they felt and what they were thinking when living through this time. He also provides the reader with enough information on the historical events that were going on in the country that helped to frame the interactions of the founding fathers. Founding Brothers adds to other his storable writing of this time by giving an inside view of not only the events but also the people who helped to create America during the revolutionary period. He makes it clear how certain obstacles, such as slavery, were not completely agreed upon or settled and how this affected the nation later on in its history. Ellis is able to explain both the short-term view of the founding fathers and the long-term view of the Constitution that they were trying to take. The debates and compromises that made up the writing of the Constitution and the establishment of a new government are laid out to support these points. As a history book, this novel will give the reader a good understanding of what was going on behind the scenes as the nation was born. Its clear explanations and interesting takes on the first leaders will hold the reader’s attention throughout the book. It is a valuable addition to the many writings that have been done on the revolutionary war and the writing of the Constitution. References Ellis, Joseph. (2000). Founding Brothers. New York: Vintage Books.