Beowulf Is A Hero Of Beowulf - 1017 Words

In the movie and book Beowulf, Beowulf represents a hero. Beowulf is like our modern day heroes, firefighters, policemen, military men, doctors and EMT’s. All of these men do the same thing as Beowulf did in the movie. The fight the villains and protect the innocent. Beowulf had super strength to help him defeat the villains and protect the innocent. I have heard moreover that the monster scorns in his reckless way to use weapons; therefore, to heighten Hygelac s fame and gladden his heart, I hereby renounce sword and the shelter of the broad shield, the heavy war-board: hand-to-hand is how it will be, a life-and-death fight with the fiend. (433-440) Although Grendel was a worthy opponent, he was still no match for Beowulf’s strength to kill the unbeatable monster. â€Å"Then he stepped to another still body, clutched as Beowulf with his claws, Grasped at a strong-hearted wakeful sleeper--And was instantly seized himself, claws bent back as Beowulf leaned up on one arm. That shepherd of evil, guardian of crime, knew at once that nowhere on earth had he met a man whose hands were harder;† When Grendel grabbed Beowulf, Grendel became afraid of Beowulf because he felt how strong Beowulf was and knew that Beowulf was stronger than Grendel. Beowulf went on to rip Grendel s arm off, which sent him back to the marshes that he came from. Beowulf was known as a hero, after he killed Grendel. In order for him to keep that status in Hrothgar’s village he had to slay Grendel s mother,Show MoreRelatedBeowulf the Hero1005 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf The Hero â€Å"†¦ A fiend out of hell†(Heaney 100). These words describe the monster Grendel, who is truly an evil entity. Only an epic hero with strength, courage and confidence is able to defeat this mighty foe. This hero’s name is Beowulf. He displays all of these throughout the epic. Beowulf’s first epic hero trait is confidence. Beowulf displays confidence when he talked to Unferth in the great hall Heorot. Beowulf said, â€Å"†¦but he will find me different. I will show him how Geats shapeRead MoreIs Beowulf a Hero?2129 Words   |  9 PagesIs Beowulf a hero? It is vital when approaching the question of whether or not Beowulf can be viewed as a hero to attempt to understand the concept of a ‘hero. Joseph Campbell, the American theorist, studied mythological characters and texts in great detail and developed the concept of the monomyth (or Heros Journey) which he suggested all heroes undertook: A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and aRead MoreHero and Beowulf1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe hero is an age-old concept that describes someone that will defend their honor to the end. In Beowulf, the author portrays the warrior Beowulf and his three battles in such a way as to clearly define what it means to be a hero. Fred Robinson and J. R. R. Tolkien addressed heroism in Beowulf regarding the warrior’s traits, as well as his battles and burial. The author of Beowulf defines the hero through Beowulf’s three battles with Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. In this poem, eachRead MoreBeowulf As A Hero1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of hero is never outdated in literary. Every author has their own understanding of how a hero should be like, and all heroes live and behave differently according to the society they live in. The definition of hero is much broad er than a man with superpower. In Beowulf and The Great Gatsby, both of the protagonist, Beowulf and Jay Gatsby are considered heroes in the story. Although both of them embody the values of their societies, Beowulf is a more successful hero because he truly reachesRead MoreBeowulf As A Hero910 Words   |  4 PagesWhy We Need Heros A hero, â€Å"a person noted for courageous acts or nobility of character†(â€Å"Hero†). A hero shows much more than honor and glory, they sacrifice their own life to selflessly help out the lives of others. By having heroes it gives us hope, wisdom, and justice throughout the nation. The three main types of heroes include an epic hero, superhero, and your own personal hero. These heroes show that it s more than the cape or armour they wear, they show the true meaning of a hero by definingRead MoreBeowulf : A Hero Or Hero?1092 Words   |  5 PagesCole Jackson Miss Sibbach Honors English IV 10 December, 2014 To Be a Hero, or To Not Be a Hero Countless people have tried to say that Beowulf represents the qualities required of an epic hero, but many people also suggest that Beowulf does not show any of these qualities. While Beowulf shows heroic characteristics in all of his acts, both pride and greed motivate his actions. The story of Beowulf contains all of the information needed to show this, but people do not notice that which they do notRead More Beowulf: A Hero Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf: A Hero Beowulf is a hero during the Middle Ages because of his generosity, strength, power, and courage. A hero is one who places himself or herself at great risk while performing acts of courage. Beowulf is a hero that put his life on the line for an entire kingdom. He has heroic and superhuman qualities. He must prove his worthiness of a superior warrior. He is recognized for his strengths and power of protecting his people. Beowulf is faced with three forces to fight, Grendel (a monster)Read MoreBeowulf Hero Analysis757 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   To Joseph Campbell a hero is an individual who is able to depart from his or her ordinary life for the sake of helping others in an opposite world. Campbell portrays his idea of a hero by utilizing the title character in Beowulf. Beowulf demonstrates many of Campbells stages of a hero through his strategic actions, his love for justice, and most importantly through his extraordinary strength.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The hero Beowulf, is the â€Å"strongest of the Geats-greater/ And stronger than anyone anywhere in thisRead MoreBeowulf Is a Hero Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf Essay Every epic hero possesses certain heroic characteristics. The epic poem Beowulf describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times. Beowulf is the hero. He shows that he is a great man by always putting other things before his own needs. He is important and needed by his people and is known by many as a strong, courageous and a helpful person. He shows all of the qualities and traits that a true hero possesses. Beowulf, like other epic heroes, possesses the following heroic qualities:Read MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero930 Words   |  4 Pages The story of Beowulf shows its reader many characteristics of why this Anglo-Saxon poem is an epic. First of all, Beowulf is a warrior of epic renown by the time he formally introduces himself in the poem. Next, Beowulf is the warrior that many strive to be in life. In addition, Beowulf finds himself tackling many quests that involve dangerous beasts, or as he might call them, demons. The next quality shown by Beowulf is his bravery and honor. The reader is able to easily identify this characteristic

The Philippine E-Grand Prix Complex Free Essays

Abstract The research and development of electric and alternatively driven cars are the next step in evolution of the automobiles; since the primary source of fuel for today’s cars are fossil fuels which is rapidly depleting and also damaging to the environment. In order to take the next step in the car’s evolution a research and development complex and test/racing track would be created to tackle the challenge of producing technology needed in order to make electric cars viable. Creating a racing/test track and development complex in the heart of the city at the SM Central Business Park in Pasay that only caters to electric and alternative fuelled or driven cars and would become the testing grounds and home for car manufacturers, local universities or engineering/technology firms and enthusiasts professional and amateur creating and developing electric and alternatively driven vehicles, also becoming the venue for alternatively driven vehicle racing events in the future exposing the public to the technology. We will write a custom essay sample on The Philippine E-Grand Prix Complex or any similar topic only for you Order Now In conclusion creating the development complex for electric and alternatively driven vehicles would develop and research to make alternative and electric driven vehicles and alternative and eventual replacement of fossil fuel vehicles. Chapter 1 Introduction: In today’s world the main form of transportation of getting from one place to another are cars or automobiles be it in the form of busses, cars, trucks or etc. they have become a necessary part of the world cars deliver our food and products, gets people to their work and where they need to be, enabled communities to grow in size and enabled people to live farther and travel longer distances. The invention of the automobile enabled communities to live farther away from where they work, to produce food and products away from the cities and be distributed to different places and enabled the majority of the population to travel long distances in relative safety. The  first appearances of the automobile began in 1976 with the creation of steam engine automobiles that were capable transporting people, in 1807 the first cars were equipped with internal combustion engines that run on fuel gas which became the model used to drive modern automobiles, simultaneously electric automobiles were also being developed and became moderately popular, but with problems and lack of development of battery technology at the time; which were small and very limited range, weight of the batteries and the problem of charging. With the internal combustion engine not having any of these problems since it run on fuel gas which: was easy to transport and distribute, made refueling relatively easy and had great range, the internal combustion engine automobile became the standard type of vehicle and eventually led to the disappearance of electric vehicles until recently. (Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson, 2010) The birth of the first true â€Å"modern automobile† appeared in the year 1886 with the Benz-Patent-Motorwagen created by German inventor Karl Benz which used a gasoline powered engine and was able to travel long distances that showed the viability of cars. With the invention of the first modern automobile it proved that horseless carriages or automobiles were suitable and replacement of horses as the main form of transportation (citation), as technology improved so did automobiles leading to efficient, powerful, versatile, safe and fast cars of today but the same basic concept of the first modern automobiles are still used in today’s cars; with the use of an internal combustion engine fuelled by gasoline to power the vehicle. (Steven Parissien, 2013) At the beginning of the 21st Century, interest in electrical and other alternative fuel vehicles has increased due to growing concern over the problems associated with hydrocarbon fueled vehicles, including damage to the environment caused by their emissions, and the sustainability of the current fossil fuel transportation infrastructure. With the renewed interest in electric and other alternative fuel vehicles in the 1990s some companies began manufacturing and selling electric cars in the early 90s although there were only few models and production limited it sparked the revival of the electric vehicle (EV) and with the continued advancement of technology, electric cars are becoming more widespread and viable today 2010s with companies like Tesla exclusively selling electric cars and mainstream manufacturers Toyota, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Honda,  Chevrolet, Citroen and Nissan fully electric production cars. (Gijs Mom, 2013) As automobiles became more successful and widespread it quickly became a part of modern life, with pioneers organizing automobile races during the late 1800s and early 1900s to advertise and showcase the capabilities of automobiles and were publicity stunts that showcased that cars were safe, easy and convenient in comparison to horses and reliable. Most of the races at the time were mostly shows, although some were actual races held between drivers and their cars. The races were held over long distances and lasted hours and some that took days to complete with distances of over 1000 kilometers with races starting from one city ending in another. In the 1930s to 1950s as cars became more popular and widespread with many companies starting to manufacture them, cars then started to become faster and faster with the high-end and expensive cars being turned into purpose built cars for speed and racing which then became the first race cars which competed in races, grand prixs, rallies and other forms of racing.( David Hassan,2013) After the Second World War with many empty and unused airfields and empty fields in Europe, enthusiasts and drivers started adapting and using them as race tracks which became the basis of modern motor racing and gave it an audience with the public. Auto racing then evolved and branched into different kinds of racing which spawn different types of race cars and with motor racing starting to appear in different countries all over the world with the establishment of different racing series, championships and federations, with different levels of motorsport ranging from amateur to professional, and became established as modern day motor racing. (Rà ©mi Paolozzi, 2003) Today major motorsport events are handled and governed by the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) also known as the International Automobile Federation, they represent the interest of motoring organizations and motor car users around the world. They handle auto racing events and classes, (e.g. Formula 1 and World Rally Championship) they create the rules and regulations for different classes of auto racing throughout the world and acts as its governing body through the local motoring associations and organizations of the country. (Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak, 2007) Formula-E or officially FIA Formula E Championship is a class of auto racing, sanctioned by the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA). The formula, designated in  the name, refers to a set of rules with which all participants’ cars must comply. Formula E is intended to be the highest class of competition for one-make, single-seat, electrically-powered racing cars. The series was conceived in 2012, with the inaugural championship to be held from September 2014 – June 15 across 10 cities (Beijing, Putrajaya, Rio de Janeiro, Punta Del Este, Buenos Aires, Los Angeles, Miami, Monte Carlo, Berlin and London) around the world. Background and Nature Background: Motor racing in the Philippines first started during the 1960s with racing events like the Manila Grand Prix; Philippines Grand Prix a street circuit located around Greenhills during 1973-1976 and the Great Gedol Grand Philippine Rally using cars that started out as production cars and were heavily modified into race cars and lasted through the 1970s during the time of the Marcos Regime these were considered the Golden Age of Philippines Motorsports where Philippine racing drivers and teams competed locally and internationally some becoming champions. Philippine motors racing today is still active with many regular events, racing series and championships from karting to touring cars from amateur to professional levels, accompanied by an active car and motoring culture. Motorsport tracks in the Philippines: Batangas Racing Circuit – road racing circuit, holds international events Subic International Raceway – road racing circuit Carmona Racing Circuit – karting circuit, motorbike circuit Clark International Speedway – road racing circuit Nature: Electric and Alternative Drive Racing – motorsport for race cars, production cars, prototypes, spec and formula cars that are alternatively powered vehicles, cars that don’t use the standard and conventional internal combustion engine and fossil fuel. Alternative drive vehicles: hybrid, electric, alternative fuel and fuel cell drive race cars and prototypes separated into different classes and spec, series and formula. A high tech motorsport featuring current and next generation automotive technology and used as a competitive testing ground to showcase, develop and pioneer alternative and future automotive technologies. Statement of the Problem As the deterioration of the environment due to greenhouse gasses worsens, can man made greenhouses gasses be reduced or slowed down by using alternatively driven vehicles? By developing and using alternatively driven vehicles how significant would it be at lowering man made greenhouse gasses in comparison with the traditional internal combustion engines. In order to develop these kinds of technologies in automobiles, auto racing has been an essential competitive proving and testing ground for pioneering, introducing and developing automotive technologies. Which leads to; would alternatively drive vehicles be a viable replacement or alternative for conventional motorsport? Can alternative drive vehicles be as exciting, authentic and high-tech as conventional motor racing and would technologies developed and used in these races and race cars be transferrable or relevant to the next generation or type of production cars. Project Objectives 1. To study conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars. To distinguish and list the differences between conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars and to be used as a base to compare its respective strengths and weaknesses. 2. To study the different types of motorsport around the world which use electric or alternative drive race cars. To create a basis of information and data in order to create an electric or alternative drive motorsport that can be adapted and used in the Philippine setting. 3. To study the viability and feasibility of electric and alternative drive motorsport in the Philippines. To see if an electric and alternative drive racing series and track would be a viable motorsport in the Philippines. To study what it would take to create a successful electric and alternative drive racing series. 4. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable and accessible for a racing and development track for alternatively driven vehicles. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable for motorsport that would be accessible to international and local competitors and developers and be accessible to the local motorsport culture and the general public. Keywords 1. Electric Vehicle – electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. Three main types of electric vehicles exist, those that are directly powered from an external power station, those that are powered by stored electricity originally from an external power source, and those that are powered by an on-board electrical generator (hybrid electric vehicles), such as an internal combustion engine or a hydrogen fuel cell EV. 2. Alternative Drive Vehicle – a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than conventional fossil fuel (gasoline or diesel); and also refers to any technology of powering an engine that does not involve solely petroleum (electric car, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicle, solar powered). 3. Motorsports – group of competitive sports which primarily involve the use of motorised vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition. 4. Auto racing/ Motor racing – group of competitive sports involving the racing of automobiles for competition. 5. Race Track – a facility for racing of vehicles, which include spectator facilities such as grandstands, hospitality, facilities for competitors, such as pit lanes and garages. 6. Automotive Technology – technologies found and used and developed in automobiles. Many of these technologies also have other applications. Significance of the Problem To see if there would be interest in electric and alternatively driven vehicles from enthusiasts and the general public. To see the economic difference of alternatively driven race cars from standard race cars based on fuel, parts, maintenance and running cost. To see if electric and alternatively driven vehicles would be a legitimate motorsport. Project Scope and Limitations Scope: Racing Track/Circuit Complex Development and Testing Facilities Limitations: Pioneering research in the Philippines. Few resources and Local Case Studies. Local Tracks are far and few. Few electric cars in the Philippines. Electric cars are not popular and in widespread use locally. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 1. Fifty Cars that Changed the World Conran Octupus: London 2009 ISBN 9781840915365 pg. 100 The book showcases the 50 most influential cars of the automotive industry to date. The Toyota Prius was released in 1997 which showed the commitment of a major manufacturer in alternative fuel technology. The Toyota Prius is a Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (HEV) a car that has a normal internal combustion (IC) engine which is partnered with an electric motor and batteries which power the car the at low speeds and at higher speeds using the IC engine which charges the battery of the electric motor producing high fuel and power efficiency which saves fuel. The Toyota Prius paved the way for the popularity and resurgence of electric and hybrid cars in popular culture today. 2. Modern Car Technology Jeff Daniels Haynes Publishing: CA 2001 ISBN 9781859608111 Chapter 8, pg. 82-89 Chapter 8 discusses the workings and mechanics of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles and also other green alternatives such as Bio-Diesel, Ethanol and LPG. 3. Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Jack Erjavec, Jeff Arias Delmar Publishers Inc.: NY ISBN 9781401881055 Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles – explains the basic and mechanical principles of the Hybrid (HEV), Battery Electric (BEV) and Fuel Cell (FCV) vehicles. It shows the basics of each type of vehicle their mechanics and technologies and goes into more advanced and complex mechanics, principles and technologies of each type of alternative vehicle. It also distinguishes each type of vehicles advantages and disadvantages and differences over the traditional ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles and other alternative vehicles. 4. Bio Ethanol: Production, Benefits and Economics Jason B. Earbum Nova Science Publishers Inc.: NY 2009 ISBN 9781607406975 Chapter 9 pg.151-152, Chapter 10 pg.165-167, Chapter 11 pg.173-178 Chapter 9 shows the widespread and worldwide use of Ethanol (E10) in normal vehicles which is 80% unleaded fuel mixed with Ethanol. In Chapter 10 discusses Bio-Diesel which is used as a diesel additive or be used as a complete replacement for diesel in diesel powered vehicles and Ethanol as an additive or as fuel on flexible fuel vehicles and its history. In Chapter 11 it discusses Fuel consumption of normal fuel and bio fuels worldwide, the cost and benefits of biofuels, how bio fuels affect air Quality and climate change. 5. Fuel Cell Engines Matthew M. Mench John Wiley Sons Inc.: NJ 2008 ISBN 978047168958 Chapter 1 pg.1-24 Chapter 1 discusses the uses of fuel cell technology (a device that creates electricity through chemical reactions with a fuel), the classes of fuel cells, potential uses from portable devices, stationary devices or power plants and in transportation as fuel cell vehicles and lastly the history of fuel cell development. 6. Biofuels for Transport: Global potential and Implications for Sustainable Energy and Agriculture World Watch Institute Earthscan: London 207 Chapter 1 pg. 3-9, Chapter 15 pg.250-262, Part 8 pg.329-344 Chapter 1 discusses the current status of biofuels and its industry and gives an overview of what biofuel is (Bio Diesel, Ethanol). Chapter 15 shows the different types biofuel vehicles; Bio-diesel which can be used in normal diesel vehicles or as an additive and ethanol which is added in E10 fuels used normal cars and fully ethanol driven cars. Part 8 shows country studies of bio fuels from China, India, Tanzania, Brazil and Germany. 7. Fossil Fuels and Pollution: The Future of Air Quality Jackie Kerr Casper, Ph.D. Facts on File Inc.: NY 2010 ISBN 978081672651 Chapter 1 pg. 1-25, Chapter 2 pg. 26-62, Chapter 5 pg. 111-114, Chapter 9 pg. 197-209 Chapter 1 gives an overview of fossil fuel and its history, Chapter 2 discusses the effects of fossil fuels its potentials and how it can affect the health of people. Chapter 5 discusses fuel economy and the rate of global use of fossil fuels. Chapter 9 shows alternative vehicles to ICE vehicles: Hybrid, Electric, Flexible Fuel, Plug-in, Air Powered and Fuel Cell vehicles and future developments and technologies of vehicles. 8. Alternative Fuels: The Future of Hydrogen Second Edition Michael Frank Hordeski The Fairmont Press Inc. / Taylor Francis Ltd.: GA 2008 ISBN 9781420080162 Chapter 3 pg. 67-100, Chapter 4 pg. 101-124 Chapter 3 gives the history of cars from its inception and the accompanying history of fuels used by cars. Chapter 4 takes a more in-depth look at the fuel development of vehicles up to the present and also the alternative fuels and technologies and how hydrogen used in fuel cells can power and be used in vehicles of the future. 9. Vehicle Powertrain Systems Behrooz Mashadi, David Crolla John Wiley Sons: West Sussex, UK 2012 ISBN 9780470666029 Chapter 7 pg. 425-474 Gives an in-depth look at vehicle powertrain systems (the system that make the car move) gives an introduction to Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) its parts: internal combustion engine, electric motor and batteries and the different types of HEVs: Series and Parallel. 10. Fundamentals of Automotive Technology Kirk T. Van Gelder Jones Barett Learning: MA 2014 ISBN 9781449624118 A manual and in-depth guide automotive technology and systems, and an in-depth guide to alternative fuels and drive systems used in today’s cars: Biofuel vehicles and the different types Ethanol, Bio Diesel, Methanol, Bio Bubetanol, Fuel Cell vehicles with only hydrogen fuel cells being viable and used, Battery Electric Vehicles that only use electricity and need to be charged and Hybrid Drives which use an ICE and an Electric motor and batteries and different types: Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel. 11. Electric Vehicles: Technology, Policy and Commercial Development Serra, Jao Vitor Fernandes Earthscan: London 2011 ISBN 9781849714150 The book gives a brief history as to why the internal combustion engines are used in vehicles. How electric vehicles work and the technologies, principle and mechanics used and a history of electric vehicle development. The cost effectiveness of electric vehicles versus traditional internal combustion engines and the alternative vehicles. And lastly discusses the policies for electric vehicles in order to push them to be used. 12. Hybrid Alternative Fuel Vehicles James D. Halderman, Tony Martin Pearson: NJ 2011 ISBN 9780135103845 An in-depth manual and expert guide for current Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles in which the book shows the concepts and mechanics of different types of vehicles and shows different examples actual and current hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles and an in-depth and expert look at their systems and technologies. 13. Automotive Engineering: Powertrain, Chassis System and Vehicle Body 1st Edition David A. Crolla Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, UK 2009 ISBN 9781856175777 Chapter 6 pg. 141-172 Chapter 7 pg. 175-202 Chapter 6 discusses the mechanics and principles of electric vehicles on how they work and the technologies used for them to work. Chapter 7 shows the  concept and principles in order for Fuel cell vehicles to work, the technologies and mechanics in the workings of these type of vehicles and explains the technology behind it. 14. The Electric Vehicle: Technology and Expectations in the Automobile Age Gijs Mom JHU Press: 2013 ISBN: 9781421412689 The book provides a complete and detailed history of the electric car from the replacement of horses and rise of the automobile. The book in detail discusses the progress of the automobile from the horseless carriage to present day, but focuses on the electric cars, which were actually used before internal combustion engines on cars. It discusses the early shortcomings of the electric car from the short battery life and range which made the ICE vehicle the preferred choice early in the cars development, to misconceptions about electric cars that led it to be forgotten in automotive technology until recently when it has been rediscovered as an alternative to fossil fueled vehicles due to depleting fuel resources and environmental issues. 15. Electric and Hybrid Cars: A History Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson McFarland, 2010 ISBN: 9780786457427 The book discusses Electric and Hybrid Cars from a brief introduction of the birth of the automobile industry and the evolution of the electric car from its earliest iterations to it resurgence today. It also discusses the politics that happened in the history of the electric car because it was a competitor to gas powered cars and answered why the electric car suddenly disappeared. It also discusses the technological advancements that made the electric car possible and the marketing of these types of cars today. 16. The History of Motor Sport: A Case Study Analysis (Sport in the Global Society – Historical perspectives) David Hassan Routledge, 2013 ISBN: 9780415851213 Chapter 2 Gives the history of the beginnings of motor racing that started in France and the pioneers in Belgium, it also tells on how automobile racing expanded throughout Europe. 17. The Regulation of Sport in the European Union Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007 ISBN: 9781847208569 pgs. 74-96 Explains what the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) is and its power as the governing body of all forms of motorsports using four or more wheels. It focused on its regulation on Formula 1 auto racing and the extent of power and abuses the FIA had on the auto racing being able to force out competing other motorsports not sanctioned by the FIA. 18. McKinsey Quarterly, February 2011 The fast lane to the adoption of electric cars Russell Hensley, Strefan M. Knupfer and Axel Krieger The article is about electric cars and its adoption in large metropolitan cities; Shanghai, Paris and New York in these study. In the article it states that to the buyers and users of electric cars in metropolitan cities the things that are important are the cars being a status symbol especially in Shanghai and New York, the benefits to the environment and the savings from using electricity. Another point of the article was the preferences of electric vehicles of the three cities in where in Shanghai they preferred PHEVs in which were able to use a normal engine after running out of gas, BEVs in New York and Paris which were pure Electric vehicles which relied on batteries and charging. Lastly the article studied that incentives that  attracted buyers were not monetary but low cost incentives what they were attracted to, and that the future of mass producing EVs relied on fixed routes delivery vehicles in metropolitan cities making the switch EVs. 19. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Volume 3 Towards All-Electric FSAE Race Cars S. Watkins, G. Pearson, M. King ISBN 9789881925152; ISSN: 20780966(Online) FSAE is a global student based competition with over 200 universities involved, it is a competition where student-teams create a small scale racing car following a strict set of rules limiting the students and make them more reliant on their ingenuity and creativity in order to get more performance from their vehicles. With the changing automotive market with new and technologies especially electric and alternative fuel vehicles creating a sub-racing series that would create all-electric FSAE cars would help students and engineers. 20. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010 DOI: 10.1021/es100520c Environmental Implication of Electric Vehicles in China Hong Huo, Qiang Zhang, Michael Q. Wang, David G. Streets and Kebin He The article is about the study of the environmental implication of electric vehicles as a replacement for the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle. The study compared the CO2 level of traditional ICE vehicles and the CO2 levels from the additional CO2 production of power plants which use coal for the charging of electric vehicles (which in theses study replaced ICE vehicles) and found electric vehicles did not give much benefit in reducing CO2 production. In conclusion to their study they found that electric vehicles were a great solution to oil shortage but failed to address the environmental issue. How to cite The Philippine E-Grand Prix Complex, Papers

Linked List Basics free essay sample

Most obviously, linked lists are a data structure which you may want to use in real programs. Seeing the strengths and weaknesses of linked lists will give you an appreciation of the some of the time, space, and code issues which are useful to thinking about any data structures in general. Somewhat less obviously, linked lists are great way to learn about pointers. In fact, you may never use a linked list in a real program, but you are certain to use lots of pointers. Linked list problems are a nice combination of algorithms and pointer manipulation. Traditionally, linked lists have been the domain where beginning programmers get the practice to really understand pointers. Audience The article assumes a basic understanding of programming and pointers. The article uses C syntax for its examples where necessary, but the explanations avoid C specifics as much as possible — really the discussion is oriented towards the important concepts of pointer manipulation and linked list algorithms. We will write a custom essay sample on Linked List Basics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other Resources †¢ Link List Problems (http://cslibrary. stanford. edu/105/) Lots of linked list problems, with explanations, answers, and drawings. This 4-12-2001 edition represents minor edits on the 1999 edition. Dedication This document is distributed for free for the benefit and education of all. That a person seeking knowledge should have the opportunity to find it. Thanks to Stanford and my boss Eric Roberts for supporing me in this project. Best regards, Nick -nick. [emailprotected] stanford. edu Section 1 — Linked List Basics Why Linked Lists? Linked lists and arrays are similar since they both store collections of data. The terminology is that arrays and linked lists store elements on behalf of client code. The specific type of element is not important since essentially the same structure works to store elements of any type. One way to think about linked lists is to look at how arrays work and think about alternate approaches. Array Review Arrays are probably the most common data structure used to store collections of elements. In most languages, arrays are convenient to declare and the provide the handy syntax to access any element by its index number. The following example shows some typical array code and a drawing of how the array might look in memory.

17th Century Restoration Literature, John Wilmot, Aphra Behn and the Philoshopical Background of Libertinism Essay Example

17th Century Restoration Literature, John Wilmot, Aphra Behn and the Philoshopical Background of Libertinism Essay Libertinism is the term used to describe the philosophical outlook that began to be adopted by some northern Europeans in the 17th century, predominantly in England and France. Libertines placed a great emphasis on the pleasures that could be enjoyed in life, such as sex and alcohol, holding a cynical view toward anything that could not be physically experienced. Religiously the ‘sinful’ living that many libertines carried out meant they instantly clashed with the views of the established church and while many libertines would have held atheistic or nihilistic views on life, this is not to say that all libertines were without religion.When considering why libertinism evolved it is important to remember that this change in people’s thinking was set against a changing political backdrop. The Restoration certainly had a knock on effect, for starters, the celebratory atmosphere would defiantly have been accompanied by much drinking and carousing. Perhaps it was the su dden change from being ruled by the strict religious line of Cromwell to a monarchy that had been famously living a lavish party lifestyle while in exile that caused this surge of libertinism (Daiches, 538).Even the theatre, the setting where more liberal ideas that might oppose the moral code of the puritans could be presented, was re-opened following the restoration. One could even point to the influence of the scientific revolution that was taking place at this time. With a new focus on trusting empirical evidence only people were challenging firmly established beliefs, as well as authoritative opinion, allowing for people to develop their own ideas and philosophies (Smith, 78).A major influence on libertine thought was the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. Many of Hobbes influential ideas such as his views on social and political order and the notion of the rights of the individual were concepts that underpinned the liberal, unrestricted thought of the libertines. In particular I fee l Hobbes’ liberal interpretation of law that people are free to do whatever the law does not explicitly forbid, allows for more liberal thinking about how societal and personal boundaries could be expanded (Manet, 38).When comparing the poetry of Aphra Behn and John Wilmot, the 2nd Earl of Rochester, two influential libertine writers, naturally enough much of the discussion will inevitably gravitate around gender issues. In an almost completely male dominated environment of the literary world Aphra Behn managed to become the first female to earn a living by writing. Her gender unavoidably affected her work, in that she had somewhat less freedom to explore certain issues than men would have, however it did not stop her from expressing her feelings and from giving a real female perspective in her poetry.In this sense it could be argued that perhaps the poetry of Behn is equally as radical and controversial as the notoriously provocative work of Rochester. The poem â€Å"The D isappointment†, by Aphra Behn and Rochester’s’ â€Å"The Imperfect Enjoyment† give us the perfect opportunity to analyse both writers together as in these poems deal with the same subject – a premature sexual encounter. The first most obvious difference is of course the fact that Rochester is describing the experience from his own perspective with his use of ‘I’ throughout his description of the events.The use of this personal pronoun gives the reader a sense that this is a genuine experience of the authors; however it means that this poem is almost exclusively concerned with the male point of view, with no empathy shown for the woman’s feelings. In Aphra Behn’s poem on the other hand we are given the female perspective of an encounter between Lysander, a shepherd and Cloris, a maid. The style and tone of each poem is noticeably different.While Rochester shows no shyness in getting straight to the gritty, graphic and often crude details of the encounter, Behn, while by no means completely innocent, makes reference to notions of virtue and love. She discusses â€Å"Their bodies, as their souls†, with mentions love throughout. While Rochester initially uses the woman’s seductive nature as an excuse, believing that ‘A touch from any part of her had donet’, as the poem progresses an element of self-doubt emerges when he begins to feel that perhaps his own performance is to blame.He displays his frustration and anger with his body’s inadequacies with his use of war metaphors, conveying the obvious shame he feels by depicting his penis as a cowardly instrument. Behn on the other hand cites the lovers overly passionate attraction to one another, â€Å"Pleasure which too much love destroys†, as the cause for their overly hasty meeting. This is a good example of the fundamental difference that exists between the two poets outlook on love, Rochester is a cynic while Beh n appears to look beyond mere physical realities.As to the misogynistic nature of Rochester’s poetry it is difficult to argue against the assertion that he viewed women as much more that sexual objects. He displays his low opinion of women throughout his work, barring moments where he appreciates women for their aesthetic beauty. When discussing Rochester’s misogyny we must take into consideration social attitudes and also the fact that it was a time where London was rife with prostitution; however this does not excuse his clear distain for the entire female gender. His poem ‘A Ramble in St.James Park’ depicts the sexual undercurrent that existed in London at the time. Here Rochester conveys the ethereal feeling of awe that a particularly attractive woman can have ‘The proud disdain she cast on me, through charming eyes, he would have swore, she dropped from heaven that very hour’. Unsurprisingly though only lines later Rochester shows his tr ue sentiment saying that women are creatures that are â€Å"infinitely vile, when fair! †, perhaps Rochester’s own deep seeded feelings of lust and jealously being the cause of this.In his poem â€Å"Song† Rochester professes woman’s inferiority to men, â€Å"Love a woman! y’are an Ass, ‘Tis a most insipid Passion, To choose out for your happiness The idlest part of god’s creation! †. This could be perhaps be interpreted as Rochester expressing his preference for homosexual relations but nonetheless he views women as idle creatures and is unmistakably misogynistic. One can point to countless examples where Rochester uses derogatory language to convey his feelings about women, commonly referencing women as ‘whores’ and depicting them as meaningless sexual objects.There is reason to think that Rochester’s renowned misogyny may be closely linked to his philosophical views. His cynical, materialistic outlook on l ife leaves him fixated with the physical mechanics of sexuality, as Marianne Thormahlen observes â€Å"At the centre of Rochester’s poems on love, there is an empty space† (Cambridge Companion, 208). I think it is this shallowness that leads Rochester to become increasingly frustrated with women and therefore women inevitably incur the same damming condemnation that Rochester seems to inflict on every subject that he discusses.

The Perfect Blog Post Simpler Is Better - CoSchedule Blog

The Perfect Blog Post Simpler Is Better Blog I have designed my fair share of blog themes from top to bottom, and while I have allowed myself to experiment some, I usually find that there is almost a formula for success. This doesnt mean that there are a bunch of hard and fast rules. It just means that successful blogs usually look a certain way for a reason. In art school, I was taught that I needed to learn the rules of art before I was allowed to break them. The same goes for many things in life.  Once you understand the rules, it will up to you to implement them, and break them, as you see fit. Here are a few of the rules for blog design that I have adopted over the years. Know the rules well, so you can break them effectively.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¢ Dalai Lama XIVLess Is Really More Often, we equate working on our blog with installing a new widget on our sidebar. Trust me, your sidebar doesnt need another widget. If fact, it probably needs less. What you really need is a blog that works with your goals, and converts on your call-to-action. Sounds simple, but how do we get there? Our blog design must serve our content well. Your layout should make your content easy to read and experience. 100% of our blog design needs to be about the  content that it is serving. A great blog design focuses on a single call to action. What do you want the reader to do when they come to your blog? You could pick seven different things. Pick one. With that, I would like to introduce the perfect blog post. Download a PDF copy of this diagram to use as you blog. The Content The content area of your blog should be the largest and most prominent. Your content is why your readers are here, and it should be: Easy To Read Use large, easy-to-read fonts with extra padding around the post and a fair amount of white space. Giving your content some breathing room will go a long way in making the post more readable. Contain Inline Call-To-Actions I like to include at least a few inline call-to-actions in each post. Prompting the reader to tweet a quote or a callout is easier than getting them to share a post at the end. To do this, we made our own custom plugin which we later  started giving away. Minimize Meta Data I usually try to keep meta-data to a minimum. When designing a blog, the author, category, and date information is up for debate. You will need to consider carefully your need for them. Keep it to the bare minimum. Keep Sharing Buttons To A Minimum I have personally come to believe that sharing buttons should be simple, minimal, and usually at the bottom of the post. After all, the post is about your content, not share buttons. Many blogs believe that more sharing buttons will equal more sharing, but that is rarely the case. The Sidebar The sidebar of your blog is becoming less and less important every day. You should evaluate it carefully, and it might be the first place where you start breaking some of the rules. Placement. Whether you place your sidebar on the left or right doesnt matter, though the right side is a bit more traditional for a blog. Generally speaking, putting things where the user expects them to be is a good thing. No Content. Less is more, especially when it comes to the sidebar. Medium has popularized the no-sidebar blog post, and it works. In general, go for as little as you can stand to have in the sidebar. Rethink The Standbys. I used to believe that a list of categories and recent blog posts belonged on every sidebar. Once I dug into my analytics data, I discovered that these items were rarely used. They may not be so important, after all. Search? Maybe. Usually, I end up including a search box somewhere on my blog, but only because I so often use it myself. This element may or may not be important for you. Dont Buy Ads On Your Own Blog. You may be tempted to fill your sidebar with a link to every important part of your site. Dont. I never take out ads on my own blog, and you shouldnt either. The Call to Action One of the reasons that I find all of this so important is that with social sharing and search engines, our blog is often  the first thing that our readers or future customers will see. In essence, your blog is your homepage. It  is not only important to make a good first impression, but it is also important to make sure that you are not asking too much of them on their first visit. I often think about a website visitor in terms of a dating relationship. If youve just met someone for the first time, you dont ask them to marry you. You have to get to know them first. The same goes for blog visitors. What is the most reasonable thing that we can ask of them? Are you trying to get them to the altar when you need to  get to know them better?

Virgin Atlantic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Virgin Atlantic - Essay Example Also, deregulation has resulted in a multitude of other airlines whom are able to provide low fares. That said, their strengths, which includes providing luxuries such as Samsung Galaxy tablets and high speed Wi-Fi, plus extra creature comforts such as flat bed and comfortable chairs, in addition to other value-added services, such as express security check-in for business customers. However, for the future, Virgin should continue to invest in higher end luxuries, and continue to keep their fleets small, and this is the best way to compete in any market. The Value Chain The value chain is one of the ways that the Virgin Airlines will be strategically examined. Porter (1985) described how firms can be broken down by their activities, and how a firm may obtain a competitive advantage by identifying these strategic activities and finding a way to perform these activities cheaper and better than its competitors (Porter, 1985, p. 34). Porter explained by the value chains may go upstream, which is the supplier delivering to the firm, and downstream, which is the firm delivering the product to the customer. Moreover, Porter states that the value chain must take a holistic approach, which means that the discrete components of its value chain must fit into an overall value system, therefore they all must be integrated. Porter goes on to explain ways that a firm might obtain a competitive advantage over other firms, such as targeting to a niche market, which would allow the firm to tailor the value chain to this niche, which results in lower costs; competing in related industries with coordinated value chains; or firms may also gain a competitive advantage by widening or narrowing their geographic markets. Porter also states that firms may gain a competitive advantage by affiliating themselves with other entities, such as mergers, joint ventures, licenses and supply agreements (Porter, 1985, p. 34). How this relates to Virgin Airlines is that, as will be explained, it is gaining a competitive advantage, through its value chain, by appealing to a niche market, which is the high-end market who is patronizing an airline because of its amenities and luxuries. As it is tailoring its strategy to this niche, as opposed to attempting to appeal to a broader market, it has been able to keep its costs down by keeping its fleet small, and diversifying only by expanding into other markets through subsidiaries. It has therefore chosen to eschew another way that Porter states that companies may gain a competitive advantage, which is through affiliating themselves with other entities. Above illustration available at: http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&newwindow=1&biw=1067&bih=489&tbm=isch&tbnid=Q095X0MX-AyACM:&imgrefurl=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/9354561/Porter-Value-Chain-Template&docid=gBEEIrN13AnqTM&imgurl=http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/9354561.png&w=1500&h=1125&ei=YhDyT6faFuio2wWBkaTSCg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=276&vpy=4&dur=6408&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=1 36&ty=162&sig=111730839532732020329&page=2&tbnh=127&tbnw=169&start=10&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:10,i:113 According to Oster (1999), the value chain is one way that an organization may be competitive by identifying where, on the value chain, they can improve upon the competition by improving or differentiating themselves from their competitors. For instance, a firm may improve its method of procurement, distribution or inventory (Oster, 1999, p. 131). Or, in the case of an airline, the airline may look at its

Cain and Abel After Eden,Fugitives and Pilgrims, A House Divided Essay

Cain and Abel After Eden,Fugitives and Pilgrims, A House Divided - Essay Example This chapter describes the origin of the world as illustrated in the Bible in the book of Genesis. The book 16 monitors the development of these cities from the time of Noah, to the time of Abraham. In later stages of this chapter, the progress of the heavenly city from Abraham to Israel’s kings is illustrated. In book 18, Augustine explains the distinct and separate nature of the heavenly city and the earthly city; as from Abraham’s times to the world’s end. The book also describes the actions of Jesus Christ, and the sacred prophets who existed immediately after Rome’s foundation; like Hosea, Isaiah, Amos and Micah. Book 19 describes the end of the earthly city and the heavenly city. Augustine studies the philosophers’ opinions on the supreme good, and the vain efforts they try to make for happiness in life. Augustine also illustrates the happiness and peace that is found in the heavenly city. Augustine illustrates in the City of God the Christianity’s interaction with other different religions and philosophies; and also the relationship of Christianity with the Roman government. Augustine consoled the Christians in the Roman Empire that the City of God is the most superior, and will eventually